MQTT资源应用指导

MQTT因其轻量化、便利化得到广泛重视和应用，本着寻求低投入高产出的原则，尽可能寻求免费的MQTT Broker(Server/Host)。

1.public.cloud.shiftr.io,端口1883，用户名、密码均为public

免费，较为稳定，使用时注意客户端ID尽可能复杂，以免冲突。

2.Dfrobot的easy-iot物联网平台，网址：.

http://iot.dfrobot.com.cn/

需要在线注册，免费享有1万条消息存储，服务器地址：iot.dfrobot.com.cn，端口1883。

每个设备对应一个Topic，不可更改，支持在线发送消息。不支持SSL。

用户名、密码由系统产生，不可自行修改，不能订阅自定义Topic消息。

3.调试工具：

PC端：通信猫(功能很全，但时而不稳定)

通信猫-Windows下全能调试助手资源-CSDN文库

安卓端： MyMQTT(APK，无广告)

MyMQTT2.3.3资源-CSDN文库

4.Arduino下应用

Arduino下"工具"-"管理库"，“筛选搜索结果”框内填入"MQTT Joel"，出来以下：

点击“安装”，按照“示例”-“MQTT”-“AdafruitHuzzahESP8266”打开文件，分别填入合适的ssid和pass（即WiFi热点名和密码），client.connect("arduino", "public", "public")中的“arduino”换为“public.cloud.shiftr.io”， 订阅client.subscribe("/hello")改为client.subscribe(“AAAA”)，同理发布client.publish改为client.publish("BBBB", "world")，利用PC端或手机端工具进行测试，会发现ESP8266既能收到也能发送MQTT消息。

5.以下为测试程序，功能是发送0、2分别点亮2、16脚led，1、3分别关闭2、16脚led，主题(topic)是"AAAA"。

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <MQTT.h>
const char ssid[] = "XXX";
const char pass[] = "12345678";
WiFiClient net;
MQTTClient client;
unsigned long lastMillis = 0;
void connect() {
  Serial.print("checking wifi...");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.print("\nconnecting...");
  while (!client.connect("arduino", "public", "public")) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(1000);
  }
  Serial.println("\nconnected!");
  client.subscribe("AAAA");
  // client.unsubscribe("/hello");
}
void messageReceived(String &topic, String &payload) {
  Serial.println("incoming: " + topic + " - " + payload);
  if (payload=="1") digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 1);
  else if (payload=="0") digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 0);
  else if (payload=="2") digitalWrite(16, 0);
  else if (payload=="3") digitalWrite(16, 1);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
  client.begin("public.cloud.shiftr.io", net);
  client.onMessage(messageReceived);
  connect();
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(16, OUTPUT);
  }
void loop() {
  client.loop();
  delay(10);  // <- fixes some issues with WiFi stability
  if (!client.connected()) {
    connect();
  }
  // publish a message roughly every second.
  if (millis() - lastMillis > 1000) {
    lastMillis = millis();
    client.publish("/hello", "world");
  }
}

6.MicroPython测试程序

以下为MicroPython测试程序，功能是发送0、2分别点亮2、16脚led，1、3分别关闭2、16脚led，主题(topic)是"AAAA"：

#Result: input MQTTlibrary and remote controls LED by mqtt communication.

from simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin
import network
import time

SSID="XXX"  #WiFi
PASSWORD="12345678"  #密码

led2=Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=0)

led16=Pin(16, Pin.OUT, value=0)

SERVER = "public.cloud.shiftr.io"
CLIENT_ID = "mqttx_456"  #不能重复
PORT=1883
TOPIC =b"AAAA"
username='public'
password='public'
#state = 0
c=None
def sub_cb(topic, msg):
  
  print((topic, msg))
  if msg == b"1":
    led2.value(1) 
    
    print("led2=1")
  elif msg == b"0":
    led2.value(0)

    print("led2=0")
  elif msg == b"2":
    led16.value(0)
 
    print("led16=0")
  elif msg == b"3":
    led16.value(1)
    
    print("led16=1")
    
def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
  global wlan
  wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)         #create a wlan object
  wlan.active(True)                         #Activate the network interface
  wlan.disconnect()                         #Disconnect the last connected WiFi
  wlan.connect(ssid,passwd)                 #connect wifi
  print("WiFi connecting...")
  while(wlan.ifconfig()[0]=='0.0.0.0'):
    time.sleep(1)

    
#Catch exceptions,stop program if interrupted accidentally in the 'try'
try:
  connectWifi(SSID,PASSWORD)
  print("WiFi connected")
  server=SERVER
  #self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,ssl=False, ssl_params={}
  c = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, SERVER,PORT,username,password)     #create a mqtt client
  c.set_callback(sub_cb)                    #set callback
  c.connect()                               #connect mqtt
  print("MQTT connected")
  c.subscribe(TOPIC)                        #client subscribes to a topic
  print("Connected to %s, subscribed to %s topic" % (server, TOPIC))

  while True:
    c.wait_msg()                            #wait message 
finally:
  if(c is not None):
    c.disconnect()
  wlan.disconnect()
  wlan.active(False)

要把以下文件放到同一目录下，命名为“simple.py”：

import usocket as socket
import ustruct as struct
#from ubinascii import hexlify

class MQTTException(Exception):
    pass

class MQTTClient:

  def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,ssl=False, ssl_params={}):
    if port == 0:
      port = 8883 if ssl else 1883
    self.client_id = client_id
    self.sock = None
    self.addr = socket.getaddrinfo(server, port)[0][-1]
    self.ssl = ssl
    self.ssl_params = ssl_params
    self.pid = 0
    self.cb = None
    self.user = user
    self.pswd = password
    self.keepalive = keepalive
    self.lw_topic = None
    self.lw_msg = None
    self.lw_qos = 0
    self.lw_retain = False

  def _send_str(self, s):
    self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s)))
    self.sock.write(s)

  def _recv_len(self):
    n = 0
    sh = 0
    while 1:
      b = self.sock.read(1)[0]
      n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh
      if not b & 0x80:
        return n
      sh += 7

  def set_callback(self, f):
    self.cb = f

  def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
    assert 0 <= qos <= 2
    assert topic
    self.lw_topic = topic
    self.lw_msg = msg
    self.lw_qos = qos
    self.lw_retain = retain

  def connect(self, clean_session=True):
    self.sock = socket.socket()
    self.sock.connect(self.addr)
    if self.ssl:
      import ussl
      self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params)
    msg = bytearray(b"\x10\0\0\x04MQTT\x04\x02\0\0")
    msg[1] = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id)
    msg[9] = clean_session << 1
    if self.user is not None:
      msg[1] += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd)
      msg[9] |= 0xC0
    if self.keepalive:
      assert self.keepalive < 65536
      msg[10] |= self.keepalive >> 8
      msg[11] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF
    if self.lw_topic:
      msg[1] += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg)
      msg[9] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3
      msg[9] |= self.lw_retain << 5
    self.sock.write(msg)
    #print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":"))
    self._send_str(self.client_id)
    if self.lw_topic:
      self._send_str(self.lw_topic)
      self._send_str(self.lw_msg)
    if self.user is not None:
      self._send_str(self.user)
      self._send_str(self.pswd)
    resp = self.sock.read(4)
    assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02
    if resp[3] != 0:
      raise MQTTException(resp[3])
    return resp[2] & 1

  def disconnect(self):
    self.sock.write(b"\xe0\0")
    self.sock.close()

  def ping(self):
    self.sock.write(b"\xc0\0")

  def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
    pkt = bytearray(b"\x30\0\0\0")
    pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain
    sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg)
    if qos > 0:
      sz += 2
    assert sz < 2097152
    i = 1
    while sz > 0x7f:
      pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
      sz >>= 7
      i += 1
    pkt[i] = sz
    #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
    self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1)
    self._send_str(topic)
    if qos > 0:
      self.pid += 1
      pid = self.pid
      struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid)
      self.sock.write(pkt, 2)
    self.sock.write(msg)
    if qos == 1:
      while 1:
        op = self.wait_msg()
        if op == 0x40:
          sz = self.sock.read(1)
          assert sz == b"\x02"
          rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2)
          rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1]
          if pid == rcv_pid:
            return
    elif qos == 2:
      assert 0

  def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0):
    assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set"
    pkt = bytearray(b"\x82\0\0\0")
    self.pid += 1
    struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid)
    #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
    self.sock.write(pkt)
    self._send_str(topic)
    self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little"))
    while 1:
      op = self.wait_msg()
      if op == 0x90:
        resp = self.sock.read(4)
        #print(resp)
        assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3]
        if resp[3] == 0x80:
          raise MQTTException(resp[3])
        return

  # Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it.
  # Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously
  # set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT
  # messages processed internally.
  def wait_msg(self):
    res = self.sock.read(1)
    self.sock.setblocking(True)
    if res is None:
      return None
    if res == b"":
      raise OSError(-1)
    if res == b"\xd0":  # PINGRESP
      sz = self.sock.read(1)[0]
      assert sz == 0
      return None
    op = res[0]
    if op & 0xf0 != 0x30:
      return op
    sz = self._recv_len()
    topic_len = self.sock.read(2)
    topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1]
    topic = self.sock.read(topic_len)
    sz -= topic_len + 2
    if op & 6:
      pid = self.sock.read(2)
      pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1]
      sz -= 2
    msg = self.sock.read(sz)
    self.cb(topic, msg)
    if op & 6 == 2:
      pkt = bytearray(b"\x40\x02\0\0")
      struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid)
      self.sock.write(pkt)
    elif op & 6 == 4:
      assert 0

  # Checks whether a pending message from server is available.
  # If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does
  # the same processing as wait_msg.
  def check_msg(self):
    self.sock.setblocking(False)
    return self.wait_msg()

7.建站工具EMQX，这是EMQX家的起家产品，功能强大，非常稳定，虽然配置略显复杂，但接触几次后，就会爱不释手。地平线旭日X3派运行EMQX也会非常稳定、丝滑。不过企业版在非授权情况下限制100个连接，申请授权获得10000个连接，但只有15天的免费期。当然，无限制的开源版，则可以放心大胆的用起来。