opencv之图像的矩

        矩函数常用于模式识别、目标分类、目标标识和方位估计及图像编码与重构等，图像矩通常包含了图像形状的全局特征，如大小，位置，方向，形状等。其中，一阶矩与形状有关，二阶矩显示曲线围绕直线平均值的扩展成都，三阶矩则是关于平均值的对称性的测量。

        在opencv中一般由moments、contourArea、ARCLength这三个函数配合求一个图像的矩。

        其中，moments计算图像所有的矩（最高到3阶）；

                contourArea计算轮廓面积；

                arcLength计算轮廓或曲线长度。

moments：

Moments cv::moments	(	InputArray	array,  //输入参数可以是单通道，8位或浮点的二维数组
		bool	binaryImage = false
	)

contourArea:

double cv::contourArea	(	InputArray	contour, //输入的向量，二维点（轮廓顶点）
		bool	oriented = false
	)

arcLength:

double cv::arcLength	(	InputArray	curve,//输入的二维点集vector或Mat类型
		bool	closed  //表示曲线是否封闭的标识符
	)

案例：

#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat src = imread("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/3.png");
	if (src.empty())
	{
		cout << "请检查图像是否存在..." << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("src");
	imshow("src", src);
	Mat grayimg;
	cvtColor(src, grayimg, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(grayimg, grayimg, Size(5, 5));

	vector<vector<Point>>contours;
	vector<Vec4i>hierarchy;
	Mat edgeimg;
	int thresh = 100;
	int thresh_max = 255;
	Canny(grayimg, edgeimg, thresh, thresh * 2, 3);
	//轮廓查找
	findContours(edgeimg, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	//计算矩
	vector<Moments>mu(contours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		mu[i] = moments(contours[i], false);
	}
	//计算中心矩
	vector<Point2f>mc(contours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		mc[i] = Point2f(static_cast<float>(mu[i].m10 / mu[i].m00), static_cast<float>(mu[i].m01 / mu[i].m00));
	}
	//绘制轮廓
	Mat drawimg = Mat::zeros(edgeimg.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		//绘制外层和内层轮廓
		drawContours(drawimg, contours, i, Scalar(122, 160, 144), 2, 8, hierarchy, 0, Point(0, 0));
		//绘制圆
		circle(drawimg, mc[i], 4, Scalar(122, 160, 144), -1, 8, 0);
	}
	namedWindow("drawimg");
	imshow("drawimg", drawimg);
	通过m00计算轮廓面积并和opencv函数比较
	//cout << "------------" << endl;
	//for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	//{
	//	printf("m00计算%d面积：m00=%.2f \n opencv计算面积=%.2f，长度=%.2f\n\n", i, mu[i].m00, contourArea(contours[i]), arcLength(contours[i], true));
	//	drawContours(drawimg, contours, i, Scalar(120, 140, 160), 2, 8, hierarchy, 0, Point());
	//	circle(drawimg, mc[i], 4, Scalar(120, 140, 160), -1, 8, 0);
	//}

	//通过m00计算轮廓面积
	cout << "------------" << endl;
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		printf("m00计算%d面积：m00=%.2f", i, mu[i].m00);
		drawContours(drawimg, contours, i, Scalar(120, 140, 160), 2, 8, hierarchy, 0, Point());
		circle(drawimg, mc[i], 4, Scalar(120, 140, 160), -1, 8, 0);
	}

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

结果展示：