javascript 9

new javascript features

Default params

function rollDie(numSides = 6) {

return Math.floor(Math.random() *numSides) +1

}

//default is set to 6

function greet (person, msg ="hey there"){

}
//default greeting: hey there

spread 扩展运算符

spread syntax allows an iterable such as an array to be expanded in places where zero or more arguments ( for function calls) or elements(for array literals) are expected, or an object expression to be expanded in places where zero or more key-value pairs （for object literals）are expected 它可以在函数调用/数组构造时，将数组表达式或者string在语法层面展开；还可以在构造字面量对象时将对象表达式按照key-value的方式展开 说白了就是把衣服脱了，不管是大括号（[]）、花括号（{}），统统不在话下，全部脱掉脱掉！

它的用处很广泛，我们随处都可以看到，下面是几个常见的例子

复制用它 合并用它 字符转数组用它 函数传参用它

//数组的合并
var arr1 = ['hello']
var arr2 =['chuichui']
var mergeArr = [...arr1,...arr2]
mergeArr  // ['hello','chuichui']
// 对象分合并
var obj1 = {name:'chuichui'}
var obj2 = {height:176}
var mergeObj = {...obj1,...obj2}
mergeObj // {name: "chuichui", height: 176}

Math.max(12,2,34,343,222)
const nums = [12,2,34,343,222]
Math.max(nums)//NaN
Math.max(...nums)//343

expands an itetable(array, string,etc.)into a list of arguments

const cats = ['blue', 'scout']
const dogs =['rusty', 'wyatt']

const allPets = [...cats,...dogs]//['blue', 'scout', 'rusty', 'wyatt']

[..."hello"]
//["h","e","l","l","o"]

copies properties from one object into another object literal

const dataFromForm = {
    email: 'ekefjk@email.com',
    password:'tovfi',
}
const newUser = {...dataFromForm, id: 2345, idAdmin: false}

REST 剩余运算符

It looks like spread but it is not.  collects all remaining arguments into an actual array

the arguments object 

availiable inside every function

it is an array-like object

-has a length property

- does not have array methods like push/pop

contains all the arguments passed to the function

not available inside of arrow functions

function sum(...nums){
    console.log(nums)
}
sum(3,4,5)
//[3,4,5]

function raceResults(gold, silver, ...everyoneElse) {
    console.log(`gold medal:${gold}`)
    console.log(`silver medal:${silver}`)
    console.log(`and thanks to others ${everyoneElse}`)
}
raceResults('tammy','toddy','tina','travis')
//gold medal:tammy
//silver medal:toddy
//and thanks to others tina, travis

destructuring arrays

a short clean syntax to unpack:

-values from arrays

- properties from objects into distinct variables

const scores = [98888,78888,33334,99999,10000];

const [gold, silver, bronze, ...everyoneElse] = scores;

everyoneElse//99999,10000

destructuring objects

const runner = {
    first : "eliu"
    last :"kefr"
    country: Us
}
const {first, last} = runner;//no need to write const first = runner.first which is quite long
first;//"elie"
last;//"kefr"
const {first:fir}=runner//rename
const {first, last, died ="N/A"}= runner //"N/A" is the default value

destructuring params

function fullName({first, last}){
    return `${first} ${ last}`
}
fullName(runner)
//eliu kefr