PyTorch实现U-net网络

0. 前言

U-Net网络实际上是用于语义分割的，但深度学习在语义分割上的开山之作是 FCN，即全卷积神经网络。此节主要是想通过写一遍代码来捋一遍 U-Net 网络的结构。故此节不对网络结构具体的每部分作深入说明。主要是实现以下网络的每部分结构。

1. U-Net 网络实现

网络的结构图：

总体说明：由于在U-Net网络中，会有多次两次连续卷积的操作，故将其单独写成一个模块。其网络主要由以下这些模块构成：DoubleConv 模块、下采样模块、上采样模块、输出模块。具体实现如下.

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch


class DoubleConv(nn.Module):
    """
    1. DoubleConv 模块
    (convolution => [BN] => ReLU) * 2
    连续两次的卷积操作：U-net网络中，下采样和上采样过程，每一层都会连续进行两次卷积操作
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
        super().__init__()
        # torch.nn.Sequential是一个时序容器，Modules 会以它们传入的顺序被添加到容器中。
        # 此处：卷积->BN->ReLU->卷积->BN->ReLU
        self.double_conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=0),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=0),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.double_conv(x)


class Down(nn.Module):
    """
    2. Down(下采样)模块
    Downscaling with maxpool then double conv
    maxpool池化层，进行下采样，再接DoubleConv模块
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
        super().__init__()
        self.maxpool_conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),  # 池化层
            DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)  # DoubleConv模块
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.maxpool_conv(x)


class Up(nn.Module):
    """
    3. Up(上采样)模块
    Upscaling then double conv
    """
    """
      __init__初始化函数定义了上采样方法以及卷积采用DoubleConv
      上采样，定义了两种方法：Upsample和ConvTranspose2d，也就是双线性插值和反卷积。
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, bilinear=True):
        super().__init__()

        # if bilinear, use the normal convolutions to reduce the number of channels
        if bilinear:
            self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
        else:
            self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)  # 反卷积(2*2 => 4*4)

        self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)

    def forward(self, x1, x2):
        """
        x1接收的是上采样的数据，x2接收的是特征融合的数据
        特征融合方法就是，先对小的feature map进行padding，再进行concat(通道叠加)
        :param x1:
        :param x2:
        :return:
        """
        x1 = self.up(x1)
        # input is CHW
        diffY = x2.size()[2] - x1.size()[2]
        diffX = x2.size()[3] - x1.size()[3]

        x1 = F.pad(x1, [diffX // 2, diffX - diffX // 2,
                        diffY // 2, diffY - diffY // 2])

        x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
        return self.conv(x)


class OutConv(nn.Module):
    """
    4. OutConv模块
    UNet网络的输出需要根据分割数量，整合输出通道(若最后的通道为2，即分类为2的情况)
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
        super(OutConv, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.conv(x)


"""
UNet网络用到的模块即以上4个模块
根据UNet网络结构，设置每个模块的输入输出通道个数以及调用顺序
"""


class UNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes, bilinear = False):
        super(UNet, self).__init__()
        self.n_channels = n_channels
        self.n_classes = n_classes
        self.bilinear = bilinear

        self.inc = DoubleConv(n_channels, 64)
        self.down1 = Down(64, 128)
        self.down2 = Down(128, 256)
        self.down3 = Down(256, 512)
        self.down4 = Down(512, 1024)
        self.up1 = Up(1024, 512, bilinear)
        self.up2 = Up(512, 256, bilinear)
        self.up3 = Up(256, 128, bilinear)
        self.up4 = Up(128, 64, bilinear)
        self.outc = OutConv(64, n_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        x1 = self.inc(x)
        x2 = self.down1(x1)
        x3 = self.down2(x2)
        x4 = self.down3(x3)
        x5 = self.down4(x4)
        x = self.up1(x5, x4)
        x = self.up2(x, x3)
        x = self.up3(x, x2)
        x = self.up4(x, x1)
        logits = self.outc(x)
        return logits


if __name__ == '__main__':
    net = UNet(n_channels=3, n_classes=2) 
    print(net)

结果：

UNet(
  (inc): DoubleConv(
    (double_conv): Sequential(
      (0): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
      (1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (3): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
      (4): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
  )
  (down1): Down(
    (maxpool_conv): Sequential(
      (0): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
      (1): DoubleConv(
        (double_conv): Sequential(
          (0): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
          (3): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (4): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
        )
      )
    )
  )
  (down2): Down(
    (maxpool_conv): Sequential(
      (0): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
      (1): DoubleConv(
        (double_conv): Sequential(
          (0): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
          (3): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (4): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
        )
      )
    )
  )
  (down3): Down(
    (maxpool_conv): Sequential(
      (0): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
      (1): DoubleConv(
        (double_conv): Sequential(
          (0): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
          (3): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (4): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
        )
      )
    )
  )
  (down4): Down(
    (maxpool_conv): Sequential(
      (0): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
      (1): DoubleConv(
        (double_conv): Sequential(
          (0): Conv2d(512, 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (1): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
          (3): Conv2d(1024, 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
          (4): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
        )
      )
    )
  )
  (up1): Up(
    (up): ConvTranspose2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(2, 2), stride=(2, 2))
    (conv): DoubleConv(
      (double_conv): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (3): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (4): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
      )
    )
  )
  (up2): Up(
    (up): ConvTranspose2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(2, 2), stride=(2, 2))
    (conv): DoubleConv(
      (double_conv): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (3): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (4): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
      )
    )
  )
  (up3): Up(
    (up): ConvTranspose2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(2, 2), stride=(2, 2))
    (conv): DoubleConv(
      (double_conv): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (3): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (4): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
      )
    )
  )
  (up4): Up(
    (up): ConvTranspose2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(2, 2), stride=(2, 2))
    (conv): DoubleConv(
      (double_conv): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (3): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
        (4): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (5): ReLU(inplace=True)
      )
    )
  )
  (outc): OutConv(
    (conv): Conv2d(64, 2, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
  )
)