C++的运算符重载

分别用友元函数和成员函数实现运算符重载:

关键字：friend、operator
注意：比较分别用成员函数和用友元函数实现运算符重载的区别，特别是参数列表。

不同运算符重载的规则：

运算符	实现方法
<< 和 >>	必须用友元函数
‘=’ ‘( )’ ‘->’ ‘[]’	必须用成员函数
一元运算符和带‘=’的运算符	成员函数
二元运算符	友元函数
. 和 * 和 ? 和 :: 和 sizeof	不能重载的运算符

'+'的运算符重载，用友元函数实现

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Point4
{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;

    public:
        Point4();  //默认的构造函数
        void show_Point4();//打印对象的数据
        Point4(int x, int y);//带参数的构造函数
        friend Point4 operator +(const Point4 &a, const Point4 &b);//用友元函数来运算符重载
        ~Point4();
};

Point4 operator +(const Point4 &a, const Point4 &b);

//主函数
int main(){
   Point4 p1(1, 2);
   Point4 p2(2, 2);
   (p1 + p2).show_Point4();
}

//函数定义
Point4::Point4(){  //默认的构造函数
    cout << "Point4 constructor" << endl;
}

Point4::Point4(int x, int y)    //带参数的构造函数
{
    this->x = x;
    this->y = y;
    cout << "Point4 constructor with param" << endl;
}

void Point4::show_Point4(){
    cout << "(" << this->x << "," << this->y << ")" << endl;
}

Point4 operator +(const Point4 &a, const Point4 &b){    //用友元函数去运算符重载
    int nx = a.x + b.x;
    int ny = a.y + b.y;
    return Point4(nx, ny);
}

Point4::~Point4(){  //析构函数

            cout << "Point4 destory" << endl;
}

'<<'运算符重载，必须用友元函数实现：

#include <iostream>
using namespace  std;

class Point6
{
private:
    int x, y;

public:
    Point6();
    Point6(int x, int y);
    ~Point6();
    void show_Point6();
    friend ostream& operator <<(ostream &cout, const Point6 &obj);//用友元函数实现'<<'运算符重载
};

ostream& operator <<(ostream &cout, const Point6 &obj);

int main(){
	Point6 p5(3,4);
    cout << p5;
    return 0;
}

Point6::Point6()

{
    cout << "Point6 constructor" << endl;
}

Point6::Point6(int x, int y){
    this->x = x;
    this->y = y;
    cout << "Point6 constructor with param" << endl;
}

void Point6::show_Point6(){//打印出对象成员
    cout << "(" << this->x << "," << this->y << ")" << endl;
}

ostream &operator <<(ostream &cout, const Point6 &obj){

    cout << "(" << obj.x << "," << obj.y << ")" << endl;
    return cout;

}

Point6::~Point6(){

    cout << "Point6 destory" << endl;
}

用成员函数实现’-'运算符重载:

#include <iostream>
using namespace  std;

class Point5
{
    private:
        int dx, dy;
    public:
        Point5();
        void show_Point5();
        Point5(int dx, int dy);
        Point5 operator -(const Point5 &b);//运算符重载
        ~Point5();
};

int main(){
    Point5 p3(1,2);
    Point5 p4(2,4);
    (p4 - p3).show_Point5();
}

void Point5::show_Point5(){
     cout << "(" << this->dx << "," << this->dy << ")" << endl;
}

Point5::Point5(){  //默认的构造函数
    cout << "Point5 constructor" << endl;
}

Point5 Point5::operator -(const Point5 &b){    //用友元函数去运算符重载
    int nx = this->dx - b.dx;
    int ny = this->dy - b.dy;
    return Point5(nx, ny);
}

Point5::Point5(int dx, int dy)    //带参数的构造函数
{
    this->dx = dx;
    this->dy = dy;
    cout << "Point5 constructor with param" << endl;
}

Point5::~Point5(){//析构函数
    cout << "Point5 destory" << endl;
}

用成员函数实现自增运算符“++重载”：