函数对象练习——寻找亿万富豪

一、题目要求

1、读取billion.bin二进制文件。内部存储内容

struct billion
{
    int no;
    char name[20];
    char account[6];
    int age;
    char company[20];
    char country[20];
};

2、撰写代码

1、将记录追加入vector<Billion>中
2、使用for_each遍历
3、撰写find_billion("China", 38, 45)函数对象
注：China是国家，38和45分别是年龄下限和上限

二、简单的代码实现

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct Billion
{
    int no;
    char name[20];
    char account[6];
    int age;
    char company[20];
    char country[20];
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream &os,const Billion &b)
{
    os << b.no << " " << b.name << " " << b.account << " " << b.age << " " << b.company << " " << b.country << endl;

    return os;
}

struct find_billion
{
    char country[20];
    int start;
    int send;

    find_billion(const char country[], int start, int send)
    {
        strcpy(this->country, country);
        this->start = start;
        this->send = send;
    }
    void operator()(const Billion &b)
    {
        if(!strcmp(b.country, this->country))
        {
            if((b.age > this->start) && (b.age < this->send))
            {
                cout << b << endl;
            }
        }
    }
};

int main(void)
{
    ifstream in;
    in.open("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\billion.bin", ios_base::in|ios::binary);
    vector<Billion> b;
    Billion a;
    in.read((char *)&a, sizeof(Billion));

    while(!in.eof())
    {
        in.read((char *)&a, sizeof(Billion));
        b.push_back(a);
    }

    for_each(b.begin(), b.end(), find_billion("China",38, 45));
    in.close();

    return 0;
}

1、简单总结

在C++中，若想要用到的函数对象参数大于两个时，首先考虑把该函数对象内传的参数作为结构体或类的成员变量，然后重载()即可，重载函数的参数就是for_each内容器的函数类型

注：C++读二进制文件的方法重点了解