树莓派进行视频直播的几种方式

一、基于Flask创建流媒体服务器的方式

参考GitHub上面Marcelo Rovai的项目（项目地址）

Python代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
#  camera_pi.py
#  
#  
#  
import time
import io
import threading
import picamera


class Camera(object):
    thread = None  # background thread that reads frames from camera
    frame = None  # current frame is stored here by background thread
    last_access = 0  # time of last client access to the camera

    def initialize(self):
        if Camera.thread is None:
            # start background frame thread
            Camera.thread = threading.Thread(target=self._thread)
            Camera.thread.start()

            # wait until frames start to be available
            while self.frame is None:
                time.sleep(0)

    def get_frame(self):
        Camera.last_access = time.time()
        self.initialize()
        return self.frame

    @classmethod
    def _thread(cls):
        with picamera.PiCamera() as camera:
            # camera setup
            camera.resolution = (320, 240)
            camera.hflip = True
            camera.vflip = True

            # let camera warm up
            camera.start_preview()
            time.sleep(2)

            stream = io.BytesIO()
            for foo in camera.capture_continuous(stream, 'jpeg',
                                                 use_video_port=True):
                # store frame
                stream.seek(0)
                cls.frame = stream.read()

                # reset stream for next frame
                stream.seek(0)
                stream.truncate()

                # if there hasn't been any clients asking for frames in
                # the last 10 seconds stop the thread
                if time.time() - cls.last_access > 10:
                    break
        cls.thread = None

#flask
#app.py

from flask import Flask, render_template, Response

 
# Raspberry Pi camera module (requires picamera package, developed by Miguel Grinberg)
from camera_pi import Camera
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
@app.route('/')
def index():
    """Video streaming home page."""
    return render_template('index.html')
 
def gen(camera):
    """Video streaming generator function."""
    while True:
        frame = camera.get_frame()
        yield (b'--frame\r\n'
               b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n' + frame + b'\r\n')
 
@app.route('/video_feed')
def video_feed():
    """Video streaming route. Put this in the src attribute of an img tag."""
    return Response(gen(Camera()),
                    mimetype='multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port =80, debug=True, threaded=True)

运行效果：

二、基于block Pi的方式

block Pi是专门为树莓派设计的图形化编程软件，与Mixly类似，都是基于Google Blockly的二次开发，而且作者将其完全开源，供大家学习、使用、开发。作者的知乎专栏：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/BlockPi

Block Pi代码块及对应的python代码：

运行效果：

三、基于IP摄像头和OpenCV的方式

这种方式我个人认为是非常理想的，因为手机的前置或后置摄像头基本上都要比树莓派CSI接口、USB接口摄像头要好的多，而且相较于web传输，该方式的画面流畅度要好得多，且免去了树莓派连接摄像头的麻烦。

首先需要下载IP摄像头APP：

树莓派运行OpenCV测试代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python

'''
Waveshare OpenCV Tutorial
01_IP_Camera.py
A demo to show whether The OpenCV and IP camera is well installed
'''

import numpy as np
import cv2

def main():
    print("OpenCV Version:{}".format(cv2.__version__))
    # 0: use CSI camera,1：use USB camera
    ip_camera_url = 'http://admin:admin@192.168.10.215:8081'
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(ip_camera_url)
    if(not cap.isOpened()):
        print("can't open this camera")

    while(True):
        ret, FrameImage = cap.read()
        if ret == True:
            cv2.imshow('Camera Capture',FrameImage)
            #Press Q to quit
            if (cv2.waitKey(1)) == ord('q'):
                cap.release()
                break
        else:
            break

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(__doc__)
    main()
    # Release resource
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

运行效果：