QT中学习Opengl---（QOpenGLShaderProgram简化的使用）

前言：

本文的代码是 LearnOpenGL 中对应代码，这里提供学习，大家喜欢的可去官方网站去看看:

LearnOpenGL-CNhttps://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/本章是简化使用shader的使用，让代码更加简单。

最初着色器写法

    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader,1,&vertexShaderSource,(nullptr));
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);
    int success;
    char infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader,GL_COMPILE_STATUS,&success);
    if (!success)
    {
       glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
       std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    //创建片段着色器
    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
    // check for shader compile errors
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }


    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram,vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

 这里使用了创建与链接。

LearnOpenGL 处理

书中的做法是自己封装了一个类。

这个类如下：

#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H

#include <glad/glad.h>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

class Shader
{
public:
    unsigned int ID;
    // constructor generates the shader on the fly
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath)
    {
        // 1. retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
        std::string vertexCode;
        std::string fragmentCode;
        std::ifstream vShaderFile;
        std::ifstream fShaderFile;
        // ensure ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
        vShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
        fShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
        try 
        {
            // open files
            vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
            fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
            std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
            // read file's buffer contents into streams
            vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
            fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
            // close file handlers
            vShaderFile.close();
            fShaderFile.close();
            // convert stream into string
            vertexCode   = vShaderStream.str();
            fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
        }
        catch (std::ifstream::failure& e)
        {
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
        }
        const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
        const char * fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
        // 2. compile shaders
        unsigned int vertex, fragment;
        // vertex shader
        vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(vertex);
        checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
        // fragment Shader
        fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(fragment);
        checkCompileErrors(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
        // shader Program
        ID = glCreateProgram();
        glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
        glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
        glLinkProgram(ID);
        checkCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
        // delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessary
        glDeleteShader(vertex);
        glDeleteShader(fragment);
    }
    // activate the shader
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void use() 
    { 
        glUseProgram(ID); 
    }
    // utility uniform functions
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
    {         
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value); 
    }
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
    { 
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value); 
    }
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
    { 
        glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value); 
    }

private:
    // utility function for checking shader compilation/linking errors.
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void checkCompileErrors(unsigned int shader, std::string type)
    {
        int success;
        char infoLog[1024];
        if (type != "PROGRAM")
        {
            glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
            if (!success)
            {
                glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
                std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
            if (!success)
            {
                glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
                std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
};
#endif

使用方式：

Shader ourShader("3.3.shader.vs", "3.3.shader.fs"); 

这两个是着色器的文件，就是我们之前写在代码中的字符串部分 

 

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;

out vec3 ourColor;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    ourColor = aColor;
}

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec3 ourColor;

void main()
{
    FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);
}

 在绘制的时候链接：

ourShader.use();
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

Qt中封装方式：

        qt中都给你封装了QOpenGLShaderProgram 中了

若你的代码段是：

//顶点着色器
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";
//片段着色器
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\n\0";

使用方式是：

shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,vertexShaderSource);
shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,fragmentShaderSource);
shaderProgram.link();

绑定部分是：

shaderProgram.bind();

这样我们代码量就减少了非常多了。

如果我们也想写成文件形式，这样我们修改着色器的时候，就十分方便了。

我们创建资源文件。

对应的代码就是前面写过。代码在最后。

代码使用为：

shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,":/shader/shader.vs");
shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,":/shader/shader.fs");
shaderProgram.link();

 

#ifndef BKQOPENGLW_H
#define BKQOPENGLW_H

#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
class BKQOpenglW : public QOpenGLWidget, QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    enum Shape{None,Rect,circle,Triangle};
    explicit BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~BKQOpenglW();
    void drawShapes(Shape shape);
    void setWireFrame(bool b);
protected:
    virtual void initializeGL();
    virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h);
    virtual void paintGL();

signals:

public slots:

private:
unsigned int VBO, VAO;
Shape m_Shape;
QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;
};

#endif // BKQOPENGLW_H

对应cpp

#include "bkqopenglw.h"
#include<iostream>
const float vertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left
     0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right
     0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // top
};

//顶点着色器
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";
//片段着色器
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\n\0";

BKQOpenglW::BKQOpenglW(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{

}

BKQOpenglW::~BKQOpenglW()
{
    makeCurrent();
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1,&VBO);
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::drawShapes(BKQOpenglW::Shape shape)
{
    m_Shape = shape;
    update();
}

void BKQOpenglW::setWireFrame(bool b)
{
    makeCurrent();
    if(b)
    {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    }
    else {
       glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
    }
    update();
    doneCurrent();
}

void BKQOpenglW::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), nullptr);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    // You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
    // VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
    glBindVertexArray(0);


//    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,vertexShaderSource);
//    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,fragmentShaderSource);
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,":/shader/shader.vs");
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,":/shader/shader.fs");
    shaderProgram.link();
    //链接着色器

}

void BKQOpenglW::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
       glViewport(0,0,w,h);
}

void BKQOpenglW::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    shaderProgram.bind();
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    switch (m_Shape) {
        case Triangle:
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,3);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

}

对应shader.vs

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
void main()
{
gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);
}

对应shader.fs

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
void main()
{
color = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);//RGBA
}

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