Linux Kernel中非对称密码算法的实现

引流关键词: AES, ECB,CBC,XTS,CTR,OFB,CFB,RSA,RSA1024,RSA2048,RSA3072,ECC,ECDSA,加密,解密,加解密,国密,SM2,SM3,SM4,openssl,mbedtls

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说明：
在默认情况下，本文讲述的都是ARMV8-aarch64架构，linux kernel 5.14

1、RSA 开关

RSA的实现由CONFIG_CRYPTO_RSA 宏控制，该宏依赖于：

• CONFIG_CRYPTO_AKCIPHER
• CONFIG_CRYPTO_MANAGER
• CONFIG_MPILIB
• CONFIG_ASN1

(linux/crypto/Kconfig)

config CRYPTO_RSA
	tristate "RSA algorithm"
	select CRYPTO_AKCIPHER
	select CRYPTO_MANAGER
	select MPILIB
	select ASN1
	help
	  Generic implementation of the RSA public key algorithm.

2、RSA 实现

(linux/crypto/rsa.c)

static struct akcipher_alg rsa = {
	.encrypt = rsa_enc,
	.decrypt = rsa_dec,
	.set_priv_key = rsa_set_priv_key,
	.set_pub_key = rsa_set_pub_key,
	.max_size = rsa_max_size,
	.exit = rsa_exit_tfm,
	.base = {
		.cra_name = "rsa",
		.cra_driver_name = "rsa-generic",
		.cra_priority = 100,
		.cra_module = THIS_MODULE,
		.cra_ctxsize = sizeof(struct rsa_mpi_key),
	},
};

主要实现了4个功能：

• rsa_set_priv_key
• rsa_set_pub_key
• rsa_enc
• rsa_dec

其中rsa_set_priv_key和rsa_set_pub_key的实现，主要就是接受raw格式的密钥(DER格密钥)，将其转换成nddpq等因子填充到密码学结构体中。
rsa_enc和rsa_dec ，主要就是公钥加密、私钥解密的这种用法。

此类密码学具体算法的实现，都是由linux/lib/mpi 第三方libary实现的，是一种C语言的实现方式。

3、其它非对称密码

(1)、实现了3个ecdsa的密码算法

• ecdsa_nist_p192
• ecdsa_nist_p256
• ecdsa_nist_p384

以为ecdsa_nist_p192 为例：

(linux/crypto/ecdsa.c)

static struct akcipher_alg ecdsa_nist_p192 = {
	.verify = ecdsa_verify,
	.set_pub_key = ecdsa_set_pub_key,
	.max_size = ecdsa_max_size,
	.init = ecdsa_nist_p192_init_tfm,
	.exit = ecdsa_exit_tfm,
	.base = {
		.cra_name = "ecdsa-nist-p192",
		.cra_driver_name = "ecdsa-nist-p192-generic",
		.cra_priority = 100,
		.cra_module = THIS_MODULE,
		.cra_ctxsize = sizeof(struct ecc_ctx),
	},
};

仅仅实现了两个接口函数:

• ecdsa_verify : 公钥验签
• ecdsa_set_pub_key ：导入公钥

(2)、实现了1个sm2的密码算法

(linux/crypto/sm2.c)

static struct akcipher_alg sm2 = {
	.verify = sm2_verify,
	.set_pub_key = sm2_set_pub_key,
	.max_size = sm2_max_size,
	.init = sm2_init_tfm,
	.exit = sm2_exit_tfm,
	.base = {
		.cra_name = "sm2",
		.cra_driver_name = "sm2-generic",
		.cra_priority = 100,
		.cra_module = THIS_MODULE,
		.cra_ctxsize = sizeof(struct mpi_ec_ctx),
	},
};

仅仅实现了两个接口函数:

• sm2_verify : 公钥验签
• sm2_set_pub_key ：导入公钥

(3)、实现了1个ecr的密码算法

(linux/crypto/ecrdsa.c)

static struct akcipher_alg ecrdsa_alg = {
	.verify		= ecrdsa_verify,
	.set_pub_key	= ecrdsa_set_pub_key,
	.max_size	= ecrdsa_max_size,
	.exit		= ecrdsa_exit_tfm,
	.base = {
		.cra_name	 = "ecrdsa",
		.cra_driver_name = "ecrdsa-generic",
		.cra_priority	 = 100,
		.cra_module	 = THIS_MODULE,
		.cra_ctxsize	 = sizeof(struct ecrdsa_ctx),
	},
};

仅仅实现了两个接口函数:

• ecrdsa_verify : 公钥验签
• ecrdsa_set_pub_key ：导入公钥

4、非对称密码算法的使用示例

如下所示，实现了public_key_verify_signature(key,signature), 这个函数的实现，也被export出来，相当于又封装了一层。
另外其它模块如果有对非对称密码学算法的需求，也可以直接调用非对称密码学算法的API，例如直接调用如下这样的函数：

• crypto_akcipher_verify()
• crypto_akcipher_set_pub_key()

如下是public_key_verify_signature(key,signature)的实现，也可以当作非对称密码学算法的使用示例：

(linux/crypto/asymmetric_keys/public_key.c)



/*
 * Verify a signature using a public key.
 */
int public_key_verify_signature(const struct public_key *pkey,
				const struct public_key_signature *sig)
{
	struct crypto_wait cwait;
	struct crypto_akcipher *tfm;
	struct akcipher_request *req;
	struct scatterlist src_sg[2];
	char alg_name[CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME];
	char *key, *ptr;
	int ret;

	pr_devel("==>%s()\n", __func__);

	BUG_ON(!pkey);
	BUG_ON(!sig);
	BUG_ON(!sig->s);

	ret = software_key_determine_akcipher(sig->encoding,
					      sig->hash_algo,
					      pkey, alg_name);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	tfm = crypto_alloc_akcipher(alg_name, 0, 0);
	if (IS_ERR(tfm))
		return PTR_ERR(tfm);

	ret = -ENOMEM;
	req = akcipher_request_alloc(tfm, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!req)
		goto error_free_tfm;

	key = kmalloc(pkey->keylen + sizeof(u32) * 2 + pkey->paramlen,
		      GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!key)
		goto error_free_req;

	memcpy(key, pkey->key, pkey->keylen);
	ptr = key + pkey->keylen;
	ptr = pkey_pack_u32(ptr, pkey->algo);
	ptr = pkey_pack_u32(ptr, pkey->paramlen);
	memcpy(ptr, pkey->params, pkey->paramlen);

	if (pkey->key_is_private)
		ret = crypto_akcipher_set_priv_key(tfm, key, pkey->keylen);
	else
		ret = crypto_akcipher_set_pub_key(tfm, key, pkey->keylen);
	if (ret)
		goto error_free_key;

	if (sig->pkey_algo && strcmp(sig->pkey_algo, "sm2") == 0 &&
	    sig->data_size) {
		ret = cert_sig_digest_update(sig, tfm);
		if (ret)
			goto error_free_key;
	}

	sg_init_table(src_sg, 2);
	sg_set_buf(&src_sg[0], sig->s, sig->s_size);
	sg_set_buf(&src_sg[1], sig->digest, sig->digest_size);
	akcipher_request_set_crypt(req, src_sg, NULL, sig->s_size,
				   sig->digest_size);
	crypto_init_wait(&cwait);
	akcipher_request_set_callback(req, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG |
				      CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP,
				      crypto_req_done, &cwait);
	ret = crypto_wait_req(crypto_akcipher_verify(req), &cwait);

error_free_key:
	kfree(key);
error_free_req:
	akcipher_request_free(req);
error_free_tfm:
	crypto_free_akcipher(tfm);
	pr_devel("<==%s() = %d\n", __func__, ret);
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret > 0))
		ret = -EINVAL;
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(public_key_verify_signature);

5、总结

Linux Kernel非对称密码算法的实现总结如下：

• 实现了RSA的：“导入公钥、导入私钥、公钥加密私钥解密” 功能
• 实现了ecdsa的：”导入公钥、公钥验签” 功能
• 实现了sm2的：”导入公钥、公钥验签” 功能
• 实现了ecr的：”导入公钥、公钥验签” 功能