基于 Python（gma） 的 克里金（Kriging）法插值的主要过程

  由于克里金插值的复杂性，本文不再对其原理进行介绍。详情可自行百度。

• 本算法基于 Python 的开源克里金插值包 pykrige。
• 但本算法已对其进行改造，以使其符合 gma 的整体逻辑。
• 本算法已不包含任何 pykrige 的原始代码。

原始代码构建

from gma.algorithm.spmis.interpolate import *

class Kriging(IPolate):
    '''克里金法插值'''
	# 继承 gma 的标准插值类 IPolate。本处不再做详细说明。
    def __init__(self, Points, Values, Boundary = None, Resolution = None, 
                 InProjection = 'WGS84', 
                 VariogramModel = 'Linear',
                 VariogramParameters = None,
                 **kwargs):
        
        IPolate.__init__(self, Points, Values, Boundary, Resolution, InProjection)
        
        self.eps = eps
        
        # 初始化半变异函数及参数
        self.VariogramModel, self.VParametersList = GetVariogramParameters(VariogramModel, VariogramParameters)
        self.VariogramFUN = getattr(variogram, self.VariogramModel)
        if self.VParametersList is None:
            self.VParametersList = self._INITVariogramModel(**kwargs)
        
        # 调整输入数据
        if self.GType == 'PROJCS':
            self.Center = (self.Points.min(axis = 0) + self.Points.max(axis = 0)) * 0.5
            self.AnisotropyScaling = AnisotropyScaling
            self.AnisotropyAngle = AnisotropyAngle
            self.DistanceMethod = cdist
        else:
            # 方便后期优化
            self.Center = np.array([0,0])
            self.AnisotropyScaling = 1.0
            self.AnisotropyAngle = 0.0
            self.DistanceMethod = GreatCircleDistance
        
        self.AdjustPoints = AdjustAnisotropy(self.Points, self.Center, 
                                             [self.AnisotropyScaling], 
                                             [self.AnisotropyAngle])
        self.XYs = AdjustAnisotropy(self.XYs, self.Center,
                                    [self.AnisotropyScaling], 
                                    [self.AnisotropyAngle])
        
    def _INITVariogramModel(self, **kwargs):
        '''初始化参数'''
        
        if 'NLags' in kwargs:
            NLags = kwargs['NLags']
            initialize.ValueType(NLags, 'pint')
        else:
            NLags = 6
            
        if 'Weight' in kwargs:
            Weight = ToNumericArray(kwargs['Weight']).flatten().astype(bool)[0]
        else:
            Weight = False

        Lags, SEMI = INITVariogramModel(self.Points, self.Values, NLags, self.GType)
        
        # 为求解自动参数准备
        if self.VariogramModel == "Linear":
            X0 = [np.ptp(SEMI) / np.ptp(Lags), np.min(SEMI)]
            BNDS = ([0.0, 0.0], [np.inf, np.max(SEMI)])
        elif self.VariogramModel == "Power":
            X0 = [np.ptp(SEMI) / np.ptp(Lags), 1.1, np.min(SEMI)]
            BNDS = ([0.0, 0.001, 0.0], [np.inf, 1.999, np.max(SEMI)])
        else:
            X0 = [np.ptp(SEMI), 0.25 * np.max(Lags),  np.min(SEMI)]
            BNDS = ([0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [10.0 * np.max(SEMI), np.max(Lags), np.max(SEMI)])
        
        # 最小二乘法求解默认参数
        def _VariogramResiduals(Params, X, Y, Weight):
            if Weight:
                Weight = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-2.1972 / (0.1 * np.ptp(X)) * (0.7 * np.ptp(X) + np.min(X) - x))) + 1 
            else:
                Weight = 1
            return (self.VariogramFUN(X, *Params) - Y) * Weight

        RES = least_squares(_VariogramResiduals, X0, bounds = BNDS, loss = "soft_l1",
                            args = (Lags, SEMI, Weight))
                            
        return RES.x
    
    def _GetKrigingMatrix(self):
        """获取克里金矩阵"""
            
        LDs = self.DistanceMethod(self.AdjustPoints, self.AdjustPoints)
        
        A = -self.VariogramFUN(LDs, *self.VParametersList)
        A = np.pad(A, (0, 1), constant_values = 1)
        # 填充主对角线
        np.fill_diagonal(A, 0.0)
 
        return  A
    
    def _UKExec(self, A, LDs, SearchRadius):
        """泛克里金求解"""
        Args = LDs.argsort(axis = 1)[:,:SearchRadius]
        Values = self.Values[Args.T].T
        
        # A 的逆矩阵
        AInv = inv(A)
        B = -self.VariogramFUN(LDs, *self.VParametersList)
        B[np.abs(LDs) <= self.eps] = 0.0
        B = np.pad(B, ((0,0),(0,1)), constant_values = 1)

        X = np.dot(B, AInv)
        
        B = B[np.ogrid[:len(B)], Args.T].T
        X = X[np.ogrid[:len(X)], Args.T].T
        X = X / X.sum(axis = 1, keepdims = True)

        UKResults = np.sum(X * Values, axis = 1), np.sum((X * -B), axis = 1)

        return UKResults
    
    def _OKExec(self, A, LDs, SearchRadius):
        """普通克里金求解"""
        Args = LDs.argsort(axis = 1)[:,:SearchRadius]
        LDs = LDs[np.ogrid[:len(LDs)], Args.T].T

        B = -self.VariogramFUN(LDs, *self.VParametersList)
        B[np.abs(LDs) <= self.eps] = 0.0
        B = np.pad(B, ((0,0),(0,1)), constant_values = 1)
 
        OKResults = np.zeros([2, len(LDs)])

        for i, b in enumerate(B):
            
            BSelector = Args[i] 
            ASelector = np.append(BSelector, len(self.AdjustPoints))
            a = A[ASelector[:, None], ASelector]  
            x = solve(a, b)
            
            OKResults[:, i] = x[:SearchRadius].dot(self.Values[BSelector]), -x.dot(b)

        return OKResults
    

    def Execute(self, SearchRadius = 12, KMethod = 'Ordinary'):
        '''克里金插值'''
        initialize.ValueType(SearchRadius, 'pint')
        SearchRadius = np.min([SearchRadius, len(self.AdjustPoints)])
        
        A = self._GetKrigingMatrix()

        LDs = self.DistanceMethod(self.XYs, self.AdjustPoints)
        
        if KMethod not in ['Universal', 'Ordinary']:
            raise ValueError("Undefined Kriging method. Please select 'Universal' or 'Ordinary'!")
        elif KMethod == 'Universal':
            KResults = self._UKExec(A, LDs, SearchRadius)
        else:
            KResults = self._OKExec(A, LDs, SearchRadius)
            
        NT = namedtuple('Kriging', ['Data', 'SigmaSQ', 'Transform'])
    
        return NT(KResults[0].reshape(self.YLAT, self.XLON),
                  KResults[1].reshape(self.YLAT, self.XLON), self.Transform)

插值应用

在 gma 1.0.13.15 之后的版本可以直接引用。

import gma
import pandas as pd

Data = pd.read_excel("Interpolate.xlsx")
Points = Data.loc[:, ['经度','纬度']].values
Values = Data.loc[:, ['值']].values

# 普通克里金（球面函数模型）插值
KD = Kriging(Points, Values,
             Resolution = 0.05, 
             VariogramModel = 'Spherical', 
             VariogramParameters = None,
             InProjection = 'EPSG:4326').Execute(KMethod = 'Ordinary')
             
# 泛克里金类似，这里不做示例

gma.rasp.WriteRaster(r'.\gma_OKriging.tif',
                     KD.Data,
                     Projection = 'WGS84',
                     Transform = KD.Transform, 
                     DataType = 'Float32')

结果对比

   与 ArcGIS Ordinary Kriging 插值结果（重分类后）对比：

   与 pykrige 包 Universal Kriging 插值结果（重分类后）对比：