c++ 重载运算符的详细使用例子

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

class Point
{
    int x;
    int y;
    //friend Point operator + (Point& a,Point& b);
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os,Point& p);
    friend istream& operator >> (istream& is,Point& p);
public:
    //无参构造函数 使用初始化列表进行初始化
    Point( int x = 0, int y = 0 ):x(x),y(y)
    {
        cout << this << endl;
    }
    //拷贝构造函数
    Point(Point& that)
    {
        x = that.x;
        y = that.y;
    }
    void show(void)
    {
        cout << "x = " << x << "," << " y = " << y << endl;
    }
    ~Point(void)
    {
        cout << this << endl;
        cout << "------析构函数------" << endl;
    }
    //成员函数 重载
    // a + b    a - b
    Point operator + (Point& a)
    {
        Point t(this->x + a.x,this->y + a.y);
        //t.show(); return ;此种方式不返回 但是会返回一个随机的 因为有返回值
        return t;
    }

    // a * b    a / b
    Point operator * (Point& a)
    {
        Point t(this->x * a.x,this->y * a.y);
        return t;
    }

    // a += b   a -= b
    Point& operator += (Point& a)
    {
        this->x += a.x;
        this->y += a.y;
        return *this;
    }

    // 前++ --
    Point& operator ++(void)
    {
        this->x++;
        this->y++;
        return *this;
    }
    // 后++ --
    Point operator ++(int)
    {
        Point t(*this);
        this->x++;
        this->y++;
        return t;
    }
    // []下标运算符
    Point& operator [](int i)
    {
        x += i;
        y += i;
        return *this;
    }
    // ()函数运算符
    Point& operator () (int x,int y)
    {
        this->x += x;
        this->y += y;
        return *this;
    }
    // ->    
    Point* operator -> (void)
    {
        return this;
    }
    // new会自动调用重载的new函数再构造函数
    void* operator new (unsigned int size)
    {
        cout << "---------new-----------" << endl;
        return malloc(size);
    }
    // delete会先调用析构再调用重载的delete函数
    void operator delete (void* p)
    {
        cout << "--------delete---------" << endl;
        free(p);
    }
     void operator = (Student& that)
     {
          if(this == &that) return;
          // 释放旧资源
          delete[] name;
          // 申请新资源
          name = new char[strlen(that.name)+1];
          // 拷贝新内容
          strcpy(name,that.name);
          sex = that.sex;
          age = that.age;

     }
};

/*
Point operator + (Point& a,Point& b)
{
    Point t(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y);
    return t;
}*/

// 输入、输出运算符不能重载为成员函数，只能是友元
ostream& operator << (ostream& os,Point& p)
{
    return os << "x=" << p.x << "," << "y=" << p.y << " "<< &p;
}

istream& operator >> (istream& is, Point& p)
{
    cout << "x = " ;
    is >> p.x;
    cout << "y = ";
    is >> p.y ;
    return is;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Point a(1,1);
    Point b(2,2);
    (a+b).show();   
    (a*b).show();
    (a++).show();
    cout << a << endl;
    cout << a(1,1) << endl;
    cout << a[-1] << endl;
    cout << ++b << endl;
    cin >> a;
    a.show();
    return 0;
}