Markdown常用数学符号和公式

latex数学公式分为行内公式和行间公式两种，行内公式嵌入在一行内容之间，行间公式单独占用几行的空间，行内公式左右两侧各加一个美元符号，行间公式两侧各加两个美元符号

• 行内公式：$数学公式$。例如 $a\ge b$
• 行间公式：$$数学公式$$。例如 $$a\ge b$$

一份不太简短的 LATEX 2ε 介绍 或 93 分钟学会 LATEX 2ε

提取码：x9z2

1 数学符号

	形式	表示
1.求和	$y=\sum _n^{i=1}{x}_i$	$\displaystyle y=\sum_{n}^{i=1}x_{i}$
	$y={\sum }_{y\to 0}^{x\to \infty }\frac{x}{y}$	y=\sum^{x \to \infty}_{y \to 0}{\frac{x}{y}}
2.极限	${\lim }_{y\to 0}^{x\to \infty }\frac{x}{y}$	\lim^{x \to \infty}_{y \to 0}{\frac{x}{y}}
	$\underset{y\to 0}{\overset{x\to \infty }{\lim }}\frac{x}{y}$	\displaystyle \lim^{x \to \infty}_{y \to 0}{\frac{x}{y}}
3.开方	$\sqrt{x}$	\sqrt x
	$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$	\sqrt[3]{x+y}
4.微积分	${\int }_0^{\infty }xdx$	\int^{\infty}_{0}{xdx}
	$\iint$	\iint
	$\underset{D_z}{\iint }$	\iint \limits_{D_z}
	$\iiint$	\iiint
	$\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{\partial x^2}\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{\partial x\partial y}$	\dfrac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} \dfrac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x \partial y}
	$\oint$	\oint
	$\frac{\partial x}{\partial y}$	\frac{\partial x}{\partial y}
	$\frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}{|}_{x=0}$	\frac{\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x} \vert _{x=0}
	$y\prime x$	y{\prime}x
	$\nabla$	\nabla
	$\infty$	\infty
5.上下标	$x^y$	x^y
	$x_9$	x_9
	$\stackrel{x}{y}$	\stackrel{x}{y}
	$\stackrel{z}{y}$	\overset{z}{y}
	$\underset{x}{y}$	\underset{x}{y}
	$\underset{\varphi }{\min }log(1-f(x))$	\mathop{min}\limits_{\phi} log(1-f(x))
向量	$\overrightarrow{xy}$	\overrightarrow{xy}
矢量	$\vec{x}$	\vec x
	$\overline{xyz}$	\overline{xyz}
	$\overline{x\overline{yz}}$	\overline{x\overline{yz}}
	$\underline{xyz}$	\underline{xyz}
6.累乘	${\prod }_{n=1}^{99}{x}_n$	\prod_{n=1}^{99}{x_n}
	$\prod _{n=1}^{99}{x}_n$	\displaystyle \prod_{n=1}^{99}{x_n}
7.箭头	$a\leftarrow b\to c\leftrightarrow d\iff e\rightleftharpoons f$	a \leftarrow b \rightarrow c \leftrightarrow d \Leftrightarrow e \rightleftharpoons f
	$a⟵b⟶c⟺d$	a \longleftarrow b \longrightarrow c \Longleftrightarrow d
	$a\nearrow b\searrow c\nwarrow d\searrow e$	a \nearrow b \searrow c \nwarrow d \searrow e
	$a\uparrow b\downarrow c\Uparrow d\Downarrow e$	a \uparrow b \downarrow c \Uparrow d \Downarrow e
	$a\rightharpoonup b\rightharpoondown c\leftharpoonup d\leftharpoondown e$	a \rightharpoonup b \rightharpoondown c \leftharpoonup d \leftharpoondown e
8.逻辑运算符	$\forall a\exists b$	\forall a \exists b
	$\neg a\bigvee b\bigwedge$	\lnot a \bigvee b \bigwedge
	$\because a\therefore b$	\because a \therefore b
9.集合符号	$X\cup Y\bigcup Z\cap W$	X\cup Y \bigcup Z\cap W
	$X\subset Y\not\subset Z\subseteq W⊈U$	X \subset Y \not\subset Z \subseteq W \not\subseteq U
	$c\in d\notin e$	c \in d \notin e
	$\varnothing$	\emptyset
	$\varnothing$	\varnothing
10.取整	$\lceil \frac{x}{2}\rceil$	\lceil \frac{x}{2} \rceil
	$\lfloor x\rfloor$	\lfloor x \rfloor
11.括号	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)$	\tbinom{n}{k}
	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)$	\binom{n}{k}
	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)$	\dbinom{n}{k}
	$\left\{\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right\}$	{n\brace k}
	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right)$	{n\choose k}
	$\left[\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k}\right]$	{n\brack k}
	$\overbrace{1+2+\cdots +100}$	\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}
	$\underbrace{1+2+\cdots +100}$	\underbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}
	$\begin{array}{c}5050\\ \overbrace{1+2+\cdots +100}\end{array}$	\begin{matrix} 5050 \ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }\end{matrix}
12.运算符	$\ne$	\neq
	$\le$	\leq
	$\ge$	\geq
	$\approx$	\approx
	$\nless$	\not\lt
	$>$	\gt
	$<$	\lt
	$\gg$	\gg
	$⋘$	\lll
	$\pm$	\pm
	$\times$	\times
	$÷$	\div
	$\mid$	\mid
	$\ast$	\ast
	$\otimes and⨂$	\odot and\bigodot
	$\otimes and⨂$	\otimes and \bigotimes
	$\bowtie$	\bowtie
	$\angle$	\angle
	$\perp$	\bot
	$\sim$	\sim
13.三角函数	$\sin 30^{\circ }$	\sin 30^\circ
	$\cos$	\cos
	$\tan$	\tan
14.对数	$\ln 2$	\ln 2
	${\log }_{2}8$	\log_2 8
	$\lg 10$	\lg 10

2 字母

2.1 花体（数学）英文字母

例子	表示
$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{BC}\mathcal{H}\mathcal{T}\mathcal{Z}$	\mathcal{ABCHTZ}
$\mathbb{ABCHTZ}$	\mathbb{ABCHTZ}
$\mathcal{ABCHTZ}$	\mathcal{ABCHTZ}
$\mathfrak{ABCHTZ}$	\mathfrak{ABCHTZ}

2.2 二十四个希腊字母

序号	小写	表示	大写	表示
1	$\alpha$	\alpha	$\mathrm{A}$	\Alpha
2	$\beta$	\beta	$\mathrm{B}$	\Beta
3	$\gamma$	\gamma	$\Gamma$	\Gamma
4	$\delta$	\delta	$\Delta$	\Delta
5	$ϵ$	\epsilon	$\mathrm{E}$	\Epsilon
	$\epsilon$	\varepsilon
6	$\zeta$	\zeta	$\mathrm{Z}$	\Zeta
7	$\eta$	\eta	$\mathrm{H}$	\Eta
8	$\theta$	\theta	$\Theta$	\Theta
9	$\iota$	\iota	$\mathrm{I}$	\Iota
10	$\kappa$	\kappa	$\mathrm{K}$	\Kappa
11	$\lambda$	\lambda	$\Lambda$	\Lambda
12	$\mu$	\mu	$\mathrm{M}$	\Mu
13	$\nu$	\nu	$\mathrm{N}$	\Nu
14	$\xi$	\xi	$\Xi$	\Xi
15	$o$	\omicron	$\mathrm{O}$	\Omicron
16	$\pi$	\pi	$\Pi$	\Pi
17	$\rho$	\rho	$\mathrm{P}$	\Rho
18	$\sigma$	\sigma	$\Sigma$	\Sigma
19	$\tau$	\tau	$\mathrm{T}$	\Tau
20	$\upsilon$	\upsilon	${\rm Y}$	\Upsilon
21	$\varphi$	\phi	$\Phi$	\Phi
	$\phi$	\varphi
22	$\chi$	\chi	$\mathrm{X}$	\Chi
23	$\psi$	\psi	$\Psi$	\Psi
24	$\omega$	\omega	$\Omega$	\Omega

3 复杂公式

3.1 矩阵

符号	表示
$\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}$	$$\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{matrix}$$
$\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}\right)$	\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{pmatrix}
$\left|\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}\right|$	\begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{vmatrix}
$\Vert \begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}\Vert$	\begin{Vmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{Vmatrix}
$\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}\right]$	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{bmatrix}
$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 3& 4\end{array}\right\}$	\begin{Bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \\ \end{Bmatrix}

% 可将 [] 换成 () 或 ||...

$$
\left[   
\begin{array}{ccc|c}
    \psi(x) & g(x)   & \cdots  & a_{1n} \\
    \hline
    a_{21}  & a_{22} & \dots   & a_{2n} \\
    \vdots  & \vdots & \ddots  & \vdots \\
    a_{n1}  & a_{n2} & ...     & a_{nn}
\end{array}
\right]
$$

$$\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\psi (x)& g(x)& \cdots & a_{1n}\\ a_{21}& a_{22}& \dots & a_{2n}\\ ⋮& ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ a_{n1}& a_{n2}& ...& a_{nn}\end{array}\right]$$

$$
\begin{bmatrix}
    1 & x_{0} &...      & x_{0}^{n} \\
    1 & x_{1} &...  	 & x_{1}^{n} \\
    &       & \cdots  & \\
    1 & x_{n} & \dots   & x_{n}^{n}
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
    a_{0}\\ a_{1}\\ ...\\ a_{n}
\end{bmatrix}=
\begin{bmatrix}
    y_{0}\\ y_{1}\\ ...\\ y_{n}
\end{bmatrix}
$$

$$\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& x_0& ...& x_0^n\\ 1& x_1& ...& x_1^n\\ & & \cdots & \\ 1& x_n& \dots & x_n^n\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{a}_0\\ a_1\\ ...\\ a_n\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{y}_0\\ y_1\\ ...\\ y_n\end{array}\right]$$

3.2 方程组

$$
\begin{cases}
    a_{0}+a_{1}x_{0}+...+a_{n}x_{0}^{n}=y_{0} \\
    a_{0}+a_{1}x_{1}+...+a_{n}x_{1}^{n}=y_{1} \\
    \cdots\\
    a_{0}+a_{1}x_{n}+...+a_{n}x_{n}^{n}=y_{n}
\end{cases}
$$

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{a}_0+a_1{x}_0+...+a_n{x}_0^n=y_0\\ a_0+a_1{x}_1+...+a_n{x}_1^n=y_1\\ \cdots \\ a_0+a_1{x}_n+...+a_n{x}_n^n=y_n\end{array}$$

3.3 等式

% 使用 \& 使 = 左对齐

$$
\begin{aligned}
    (f,K^{'}_{x}y+K^{''}_{x}y)_{F}
    &=(f^{'}+f^{''},K^{'}_{x}y+K^{''}_{x}y)_{F}\\
    &=(f^{'},K^{'}_{x}y)_{F}+(f^{''},K^{''}_{x}y)_{F}+(f^{'},K^{''}_{x}y)_{F}+(f^{''},K^{'}_{x}y)_{F}\\
    &=(f^{'},K^{'}_{x}y)_{F}+(f^{''},K^{''}_{x}y)_{F}\\
    &=(f^{'}(x),y)_{Y}+(f^{''}(x),y)_{Y}\\
    &=(f^{'}(x)+f^{''}(x),y)_{Y}\\
    &=(f(x),y)_{Y}\\
    &=(f,K_{x}y)_{F}
\end{aligned}
$$

$$\begin{array}{rl}(f,K_x^{{}^{\prime }}y+K_x^{{}^{\prime \prime }}y{)}_F& =(f^{{}^{\prime }}+f^{{}^{\prime \prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime }}y+K_x^{{}^{\prime \prime }}y{)}_F\\ & =(f^{{}^{\prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime }}y{)}_F+(f^{{}^{\prime \prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime \prime }}y{)}_F+(f^{{}^{\prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime \prime }}y{)}_F+(f^{{}^{\prime \prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime }}y{)}_F\\ & =(f^{{}^{\prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime }}y{)}_F+(f^{{}^{\prime \prime }},K_x^{{}^{\prime \prime }}y{)}_F\\ & =(f^{{}^{\prime }}(x),y{)}_Y+(f^{{}^{\prime \prime }}(x),y{)}_Y\\ & =(f^{{}^{\prime }}(x)+f^{{}^{\prime \prime }}(x),y{)}_Y\\ & =(f(x),y{)}_Y\end{array}$$