JDK源码==》String类学习

1、String类学习

public final class String implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>,CharSequence {
    
    // 该数组用于存放字符数据,不可变
    private final char value[];
    // 缓冲hash码值，默认是0
    private int hash;
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
    // 类 String 在序列化流协议中是特殊情况
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
        new ObjectStreamField[0];
    
    // 无参构造方法，将数据存储到字符数组，由于字符串是不可变的，因此不需要使用此构造函数。
    public String() {
        this.value = "".value;
    }
    
    // 有参构造
    public String(String original) {
        this.value = original.value;
        this.hash = original.hash;
    }
    
    // 有参构造，字符串复制
    public String(char value[]) {
        this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);
    }
    
    // 通过一个字符数组、初始位置，长度初始化
    public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
        // 判断是否越界
        if (offset < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
        }
        if (count <= 0) {
            // 判断是否越界
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            // 判断初始的位置是不是小于0，及长度是否小于0
            if (offset <= value.length) {
                this.value = "".value;
                return;
            }
        }
        // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
        if (offset > value.length - count) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
        }
        this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
    }
    
    // 检查范围
   private static void checkBounds(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
        if (length < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(length);
        if (offset < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
        if (offset > bytes.length - length)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + length);
    }
    
    
	// 通过Stringbuffer初始化，添加了同步代码块
    public String(StringBuffer buffer) {
        synchronized(buffer) {
            this.value = Arrays.copyOf(buffer.getValue(), buffer.length());
        }
    }
    
    // 通过StringBuilder初始化
    public String(StringBuilder builder) {
        this.value = Arrays.copyOf(builder.getValue(), builder.length());
    }
    
   
    
    
    
   	// 判断是否相等
    public boolean contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) {
        return contentEquals((CharSequence)sb);
    }
    
    
    private boolean nonSyncContentEquals(AbstractStringBuilder sb) {
        char v1[] = value;
        char v2[] = sb.getValue();
        int n = v1.length;
        if (n != sb.length()) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (v1[i] != v2[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    
    public boolean contentEquals(CharSequence cs) {
        // 参数是 StringBuffer, StringBuilder类型
        if (cs instanceof AbstractStringBuilder) {
            // 判断参数是不是StringBuffer的实例
            if (cs instanceof StringBuffer) {
                synchronized(cs) {
                   return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
                }
            } else {
                return nonSyncContentEquals((AbstractStringBuilder)cs);
            }
        }
        // 参数是String类型的
        if (cs instanceof String) {
            return equals(cs);
        }
        // 参数是一个通用的CharSequence
        char v1[] = value;
        int n = v1.length;
        if (n != cs.length()) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (v1[i] != cs.charAt(i)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    // 忽略大小写比较是否相等
    public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
        return (this == anotherString) ? true
                : (anotherString != null)
                && (anotherString.value.length == value.length)
                && regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, value.length);
    }
    
    
    // 字符串比较
    public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
        int len1 = value.length;
        int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
        int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
        char v1[] = value;
        char v2[] = anotherString.value;

        int k = 0;
        while (k < lim) {
            char c1 = v1[k];
            char c2 = v2[k];
            if (c1 != c2) {
                return c1 - c2;
            }
            k++;
        }
        return len1 - len2;
    }
    
   
    
    
    // 获取hash码值
    public int hashCode() {
        int h = hash;
        if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
            char val[] = value;

            for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
                h = 31 * h + val[i];
            }
            hash = h;
        }
        return h;
    }
    
    
}

2、常用方法

 	// 获取字符的长度
    public int length() {
        return value.length;
    }
    
    // 判断字符串是否为空
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return value.length == 0;
    }
    
    // 查找指定下标下的字符
    public char charAt(int index) {
        if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        return value[index];
    }
    
    // 通过指定编码方式编码数组
    public byte[] getBytes(Charset charset) {
        if (charset == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        return StringCoding.encode(charset, value, 0, value.length);
    }
    
    // 判断两个对象是否相等
    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        // 判断anObject是不是String的实例
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

	 // 判断字符串是否以指定字符串在指定下标开始
    public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
        char ta[] = value;
        int to = toffset;
        char pa[] = prefix.value;
        int po = 0;
        int pc = prefix.value.length;
        // Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1.
        if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > value.length - pc)) {
            return false;
        }
        while (--pc >= 0) {
            if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    // 判断字符串是否以指定字符串结尾
    public boolean endsWith(String suffix) {
        return startsWith(suffix, value.length - suffix.value.length);
    }


// 在字符串中指定下标下查询指定字符的索引
    public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) {
        final int max = value.length;
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        } else if (fromIndex >= max) {
            // Note: fromIndex might be near -1>>>1.
            return -1;
        }

        if (ch < Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {
            // handle most cases here (ch is a BMP code point or a
            // negative value (invalid code point))
            final char[] value = this.value;
            for (int i = fromIndex; i < max; i++) {
                if (value[i] == ch) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
            return -1;
        } else {
            return indexOfSupplementary(ch, fromIndex);
        }
    }
    
    
   
    // 截取字符串
    public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
        if (beginIndex < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
        }
        if (endIndex > value.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
        }
        int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex;
        if (subLen < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
        }
        // 判断开始截取的下标是不是从0开始与结束点是否等于字符串的长度，是的话返回当前字符串，否则new 一个对象
        return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this
                : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
    }
    
    
    // 字符串拼接
    public String concat(String str) {
        int otherLen = str.length();
        if (otherLen == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        int len = value.length;
        char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);
        str.getChars(buf, len);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }
    
    
    // 字符替换
    public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
        if (oldChar != newChar) {
            int len = value.length;
            int i = -1;
            char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */

            while (++i < len) {
                if (val[i] == oldChar) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i < len) {
                char buf[] = new char[len];
                for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                    buf[j] = val[j];
                }
                while (i < len) {
                    char c = val[i];
                    buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
                    i++;
                }
                return new String(buf, true);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }
    
    // 正则匹配
    public boolean matches(String regex) {
        return Pattern.matches(regex, this);
    }
    
    
    // 判断是否存在某个字符
    public boolean contains(CharSequence s) {
        return indexOf(s.toString()) > -1;
    }
    
    // 在字符串的开头，将指定的字符替换成目标的内容
    public String replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) {
        return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceFirst(replacement);
    }
    
    // 替换所有
    public String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) {
        return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement);
    }
    
    
    // 字符串分割成数组
    public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
        /* fastpath if the regex is a
         (1)one-char String and this character is not one of the
            RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or
         (2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and
            the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.
         */
        char ch = 0;
        if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
             ".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
             (regex.length() == 2 &&
              regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
              (((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
            (ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
             ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
        {
            int off = 0;
            int next = 0;
            boolean limited = limit > 0;
            ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
            while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
                if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
                    list.add(substring(off, next));
                    off = next + 1;
                } else {    // last one
                    //assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
                    list.add(substring(off, value.length));
                    off = value.length;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // If no match was found, return this
            if (off == 0)
                return new String[]{this};

            // Add remaining segment
            if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
                list.add(substring(off, value.length));

            // Construct result
            int resultSize = list.size();
            if (limit == 0) {
                while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
                    resultSize--;
                }
            }
            String[] result = new String[resultSize];
            return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
        }
        return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
    }
    
    // 去除字符串两边的空格
    public String trim() {
        int len = value.length;
        int st = 0;
        char[] val = value;    /* avoid getfield opcode */

        while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
            st++;
        }
        while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
            len--;
        }
        return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
    }
    
    // 转换为字符数组
    public char[] toCharArray() {
        // Cannot use Arrays.copyOf because of class initialization order issues
        char result[] = new char[value.length];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, value.length);
        return result;
    }