PAT Advanced 1027 Colors in Mars

1027 Colors in Mars

People in Mars represent the colors in their computers in a similar way as the Earth people. That is, a color is represented by a 6-digit number, where the first 2 digits are for Red, the middle 2 digits for Green, and the last 2 digits for Blue. The only difference is that they use radix 13 (0-9 and A-C) instead of 16. Now given a color in three decimal numbers (each between 0 and 168), you are supposed to output their Mars RGB values.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which occupies a line containing the three decimal color values.

Output Specification:

For each test case you should output the Mars RGB value in the following format: first output #, then followed by a 6-digit number where all the English characters must be upper-cased. If a single color is only 1-digit long, you must print a 0 to its left.

Sample Input:

15 43 71  

Sample Output:

#123456

解题思路

给定 3个int类型的整数，依次转化为13进制的数字组合，并在前面加上 #

解题代码

记录一下解题过程~

• 部分AC

  #include <cstdio>
  #include <algorithm>
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;
  char c[15] = "0123456789ABC";
  int a;
  string s, ans;
  int main(){
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
          string s = "";
          scanf("%d", &a);
          while(a > 0){
              s += c[a % 13];
              a /= 13;
          }
          reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
          ans += s;
      }
      printf("#%s", ans.c_str());
      return 0;
  }
  

  一开始我以为一遍过的题目，但是交上去存在问题 （测试点 2 3 4 存在问题），定式思维地按照1019的写法转化的进制方法， 这样写存在两个问题。

  1. 如果输入的数小于13，那么表示的数字就应该是1位，但是此时循环的while( a > 0 ),所以此时前面的0就添加不上去，例如 输入 1 1 1结果返回#111。 应当考虑此种情况 。测试点 2 3 4 就是出现个位数字的case
  2. 使用while循环的方法，得到数字顺序是逆序的，而需要求出的13进制 只有两位，得到答案还需要reverse，这样写过于繁琐。直接除去循环正向枚举反而更加方便。

• 改正：

  #include <cstdio>
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;
  char c[15] = "0123456789ABC";
  int a;
  string s;
  int main(){
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
          scanf("%d", &a);
          s += c[a / 13], s += c[a % 13];
      }
      printf("#%s", s.c_str());
      return 0;
  }
  

  通过字符串 也可以直接表示，不需要string的拼接，可以进一步简化过程~

• 简化：

  #include <cstdio>
  char c[15] = "0123456789ABC";
  int a;
  int main(){
      printf("#");
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
          scanf("%d", &a);
          printf("%c%c", c[a / 13], c[a % 13]);
      }
      return 0;
  }
  

总结：实现代码的简洁都是一步一步滴，不可能一开始就写出来最优的解法。还是需要多练，多实践！