进程控制块PCB--------------task_struct

task_struct包含哪些信息：

每个进程在内核中都有⼀个进程控制块(PCB)来维护进程相关的信息,Linux内核的进程控制块是task_struct结构体。

task_struct是Linux内核的⼀种数据结构，它会被装载到RAM⾥并且包含着进程的信息。每个进程都把它的信息放在 task_struct 这个数据结构⾥，并且可以在 include/linux/sched.h ⾥找到它。所有运⾏在系统⾥的进程都以 task_struct 链表的形式存在内核⾥。

<这里我在想不考虑高端内存的话用户空间的3-4G存放PCB，直接映射到物理内存>

task_struct是Linux内核的一种数据结构，它会被装载到RAM中并且包含着进程的信息。每个进程都把它的信息放在这个数据结构体中，它被定义在usr/include/linux/sched.h中。
task_struct结构体中的主要信息：
1、进程状态：记录进程是处于运行状态还是等待状态
2、调度信息：进程由哪个函数调度，具体怎样调度等
3、进程之间的通讯状况
4、进程之间的亲属关系：在父进程和子进程之间有task_struct类型的指针，将父进程和子进程联系起来
5、时间数据信息：每个进程执行所占用CPU的时间
6、进程的标志
7、进程的标识符：该进程唯一的标识符用来区别其他进程
8、信号处理信息
9、文件信息：可以进行读写操作的一些文件的信息
10、页面管理信息
11、优先级：相对于其他进程的优先级
12、ptrace系统调用
13、虚拟内存处理

1、进程标识符（PID）：描述本进程的唯⼀标⽰符，⽤来区别其他进程。⽗进程id（PPID）

 pid_t pid;   //这个是进程号
 pid_t tgid;  //这个是进程组号
 pid_t Uid;   //用户标识符
 pid_t Euid; //有效用户标识符
 pid_t egid; //有效组标识符
 pid_t Suid; //备份用户标识符
 pid_t sgid; //备份组标识符
 pid_t Fsuid; //文件系统用户标识符
 pid_t fsgid;  //文件系统组标识符

 在CONFIG_BASE_SMALL配置为0的情况下，PID的取值范围是0到32767，即系统中的进程数最大为32768个。

1 /* linux-2.6.38.8/include/linux/threads.h */  
2 #define PID_MAX_DEFAULT (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 0x1000 :0x8000)

最大0X8000

 在Linux系统中，一个线程组中的所有线程使用和该线程组的领头线程（该组中的第一个轻量级进程）相同的PID，并被存放在tgid成员中。只有线程组的领头线程的pid成员才会被设置为与tgid相同的值。注意，getpid()系统调用返回的是当前进程的tgid值而不是pid值。

2、进程状态 ： 任务状态，退出代码，退出信号等。

1   volatile long state;  
 2    int exit_state;  
 4   /*state成员的可能取值如下：*/
 5   #define TASK_RUNNING        0   //TASK_RUNNING表示进程要么正在执行，要么正要准备执行。
 6   #define TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE  1   //TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE表示进程被阻塞（睡眠），直到某个条件变为真。条件一旦达成，进程的状态就被设置为TASK_RUNNING。
 7   #define TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE   2 //TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE的意义与TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE类似，除了不能通过接受一个信号来唤醒以外。
 8   #define __TASK_STOPPED      4   // __TASK_STOPPED表示进程被停止执行。
 9   #define __TASK_TRACED       8  //__TASK_TRACED表示进程被debugger等进程监视。
10   /* in tsk->exit_state */  
11  #define EXIT_ZOMBIE     16  //EXIT_ZOMBIE表示进程的执行被终止，但是其父进程还没有使用wait()等系统调用来获知它的终止信息。
12  #define EXIT_DEAD       32   EXIT_DEAD表示进程的最终状态。
13  /* in tsk->state again */  
14  #define TASK_DEAD       64  
15  #define TASK_WAKEKILL       128  
16  #define TASK_WAKING     256 
17 /*EXIT_ZOMBIE和EXIT_DEAD也可以存放在exit_state成员中。*/

 volatile这个关键词是告诉编译器不要对其优化，编译器有一个缓存优化的习惯，比如说，第一次在内存取数，编译器发现后面还要用这个变量，于是把这个变量的值就放在寄存器中。这个关键词就是要求编译器不要优化，每次都让CPU去内存取数。以确保状态的变化能及时地反映上来。

3、进程优先级 long priority  进程调度信息

int prio;static_prio, normal_prio;
 /*prio用于保存动态优先级。
static_prio用于保存静态优先级，可以通过nice系统调用来进行修改。   normal_prio的值取决于静态优先级和调度策略。*/
unsigned int rt_priority; //表示此进程的运行优先级
const struct sched_class *sched_class;  // sched_class结构体表示调度类
struct sched_entity se;
struct sched_rt_entity rt;
/*se和rt都是调用实体，一个用于普通进程，一个用于实时进程，每个进程都有其中之一的实体。*/
unsigned int policy;  // policy表示进程的调度策略
cpumask_t cpus_allowed;// cpus_allowed用于控制进程可以在哪里处理器上运行。
//  policy表示进程的调度策略，目前主要有以下五种：
#define SCHED_NORMAL        0  //SCHED_NORMAL用于普通进程，通过CFS调度器实现。
#define SCHED_FIFO      1
#define SCHED_RR        2
// SCHED_FIFO（先入先出调度算法）和SCHED_RR（轮流调度算法）都是实时调度策略。
#define SCHED_BATCH     3  //SCHED_BATCH用于非交互的处理器消耗型进程。
/* SCHED_ISO: reserved but not implemented yet */
#define SCHED_IDLE      5 //SCHED_IDLE是在系统负载很低时使用。
//sched_class结构体表示调度类，目前内核中有实现以下四种：
/* linux-2.6.38.8/kernel/sched_fair.c */
static const struct sched_class fair_sched_class;
/* linux-2.6.38.8/kernel/sched_rt.c */
static const struct sched_class rt_sched_class;
/* linux-2.6.38.8/kernel/sched_idletask.c */
static const struct sched_class idle_sched_class;
/* linux-2.6.38.8/kernel/sched_stoptask.c */
static const struct sched_class stop_sched_class;

  实时优先级范围是0到MAX_RT_PRIO-1（即99），而普通进程的静态优先级范围是从MAX_RT_PRIO到MAX_PRIO-1（即100到139）。值越大静态优先级越低。

4、地址空间/虚拟内存信息

　　每个进程都有自己的一块虚拟内存空间，用mm_struct来表示，mm_struct中使用两个指针表示一段虚拟地址空间，然后在最终时通过页表映射到真正的物理内存上。

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5、页面管理信息

• Int swappable：进程占用的内存页面是否可换出。
• Unsigned long min_flat,maj_flt,nswap：进程累计换出、换入页面数。
• Unsigned long cmin_flat,cmaj_flt,cnswap：本进程作为祖先进程，其所有层次子进程的累计换出、换入页面数。

6、进程队列指针

struct task_struct *next_task，*prev_task：所有进程均有各自的PCB。且各个PCB会串在一起，形成一个双向链表。其next_task和prev_task就表示上一个或下一个PCB，即前后指针。进程链表的头和尾都是0号进程。

struct task_struct *next_run，*prev_run：由进程的run_queue中产生作用的，指向上一个或下一个可运行的进程，链表的头和尾都是0号进程。

struct task_struct *p_opptr：原始父进程（祖先进程）

struct task_struct *p_pptr ：父进程

struct task_struct *p_cptr：子进程

struct task_struct *p_ysptr：弟进程

struct task_struct *p_osptr：兄进程

　　以上分别是指向原始父进程(original parent)、父进程(parent)、子进程(youngest child)及新老兄弟进程(younger sibling，older sibling)的指针。

current：当前正在运行进程的指针。

struct task_struct init_task：0号进程的PCB，进程的跟=根，始终是INIT_TASK。

char comm[16]：进程正在执行的可执行文件的文件名。

int errno：进程最后一次出错的错误号。0表示无错误。

7、表示进程亲属关系的成员

 在Linux系统中，所有进程之间都有着直接或间接地联系，每个进程都有其父进程，也可能有零个或多个子进程。拥有同一父进程的所有进程具有兄弟关系。

1 struct task_struct *real_parent; /* real parent process ，real_parent指向其父进程，如果创建它的父进程不再存在，则指向PID为1的init进程。 */  
2 struct task_struct *parent; /* recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports， parent指向其父进程，当它终止时，必须向它的父进程发送信号。它的值通常与real_parent相同。 */  
3 struct list_head children;  /* list of my children， children表示链表的头部，链表中的所有元素都是它的子进程。 */  
4 struct list_head sibling;   /* linkage in my parent's children list， sibling用于把当前进程插入到兄弟链表中。 */  
5 struct task_struct *group_leader;   /* threadgroup leader ，group_leader指向其所在进程组的领头进程。*/  

可以用下面这些通俗的关系来理解它们：real_parent是该进程的”亲生父亲“，不管其是否被“寄养”；parent是该进程现在的父进程，有可能是”继父“；这里children指的是该进程孩子的链表，可以得到所有孩子的进程描述符，但是需使用list_for_each和list_entry，list_entry其实直接使用了container_of，同理，sibling该进程兄弟的链表，也就是其父亲的所有孩子的链表。用法与children相似；struct task_struct *group_leader这个是主线程的进程描述符，也许你会奇怪，为什么线程用进程描述符表示，因为linux并没有单独实现线程的相关结构体，只是用一个进程来代替线程，然后对其做一些特殊的处理；struct list_head thread_group;这个是该进程所有线程的链表。

8、进程标记

   反应进程状态的信息，但不是运行状态，用于内核识别进程当前的状态，以备下一步操作

unsigned int flags; /* per process flags, defined below */
// flags成员的可能取值如下：
#define PF_KSOFTIRQD    0x00000001  /* I am ksoftirqd */
#define PF_STARTING 0x00000002  /* being created */
#define PF_EXITING  0x00000004  /* getting shut down */
#define PF_EXITPIDONE   0x00000008  /* pi exit done on shut down */
#define PF_VCPU     0x00000010  /* I'm a virtual CPU */
#define PF_WQ_WORKER    0x00000020  /* I'm a workqueue worker */
#define PF_FORKNOEXEC   0x00000040  /* forked but didn't exec */
#define PF_MCE_PROCESS  0x00000080      /* process policy on mce errors */
#define PF_SUPERPRIV    0x00000100  /* used super-user privileges */
#define PF_DUMPCORE 0x00000200  /* dumped core */
#define PF_SIGNALED 0x00000400  /* killed by a signal */
#define PF_MEMALLOC 0x00000800  /* Allocating memory */
#define PF_USED_MATH    0x00002000  /* if unset the fpu must be initialized before use */
#define PF_FREEZING 0x00004000  /* freeze in progress. do not account to load */
#define PF_NOFREEZE 0x00008000  /* this thread should not be frozen */
#define PF_FROZEN   0x00010000  /* frozen for system suspend */
#define PF_FSTRANS  0x00020000  /* inside a filesystem transaction */
#define PF_KSWAPD   0x00040000  /* I am kswapd */
#define PF_OOM_ORIGIN   0x00080000  /* Allocating much memory to others */
#define PF_LESS_THROTTLE 0x00100000 /* Throttle me less: I clean memory */
#define PF_KTHREAD  0x00200000  /* I am a kernel thread */
#define PF_RANDOMIZE    0x00400000  /* randomize virtual address space */
#define PF_SWAPWRITE    0x00800000  /* Allowed to write to swap */
#define PF_SPREAD_PAGE  0x01000000  /* Spread page cache over cpuset */
#define PF_SPREAD_SLAB  0x02000000  /* Spread some slab caches over cpuset */
#define PF_THREAD_BOUND 0x04000000  /* Thread bound to specific cpu */
#define PF_MCE_EARLY    0x08000000      /* Early kill for mce process policy */
#define PF_MEMPOLICY    0x10000000  /* Non-default NUMA mempolicy */
#define PF_MUTEX_TESTER 0x20000000  /* Thread belongs to the rt mutex tester */
#define PF_FREEZER_SKIP 0x40000000  /* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
#define PF_FREEZER_NOSIG 0x80000000 /* Freezer won't send signals to it */

9、进程内核栈

进程通过alloc_thread_info函数分配它的内核栈，通过free_thread_info函数释放所分配的内核栈。

void *stack;
//
/* linux-2.6.38.8/kernel/fork.c */
static inline struct thread_info *alloc_thread_info(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
    gfp_t mask = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO;
#else
    gfp_t mask = GFP_KERNEL;
#endif
    return (struct thread_info *)__get_free_pages(mask, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
}
static inline void free_thread_info(struct thread_info *ti)
{
    free_pages((unsigned long)ti, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
}
 /*其中，THREAD_SIZE_ORDER宏在linux-2.6.38.8/arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h文件中被定义为1，也就是说alloc_thread_info函数通过调用__get_free_pages函数分配2个页的内存（它的首地址是8192字节对齐的）。

    Linux内核通过thread_union联合体来表示进程的内核栈，其中THREAD_SIZE宏的大小为8192。 */
union thread_union {
    struct thread_info thread_info;
    unsigned long stack[THREAD_SIZE/sizeof(long)];
};
/*当进程从用户态切换到内核态时，进程的内核栈总是空的，所以ARM的sp寄存器指向这个栈的顶端。因此，内核能够轻易地通过sp寄存器获得当前正在CPU上运行的进程。*/
/* linux-2.6.38.8/arch/arm/include/asm/current.h */
static inline struct task_struct *get_current(void)
{
    return current_thread_info()->task;
}

#define current (get_current())

/* linux-2.6.38.8/arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h */
static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void)
{
    register unsigned long sp asm ("sp");
    return (struct thread_info *)(sp & ~(THREAD_SIZE - 1));
}

 

 

 

内核为2.6.32版的task_struct结构体源码：

struct task_struct {
    volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    void *stack;
    atomic_t usage;
    unsigned int flags; /* per process flags, defined below */
    unsigned int ptrace;

    int lock_depth;     /* BKL lock depth */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW
    int oncpu;
#endif
#endif

    int prio, static_prio, normal_prio;
    unsigned int rt_priority;
    const struct sched_class *sched_class;
    struct sched_entity se;
    struct sched_rt_entity rt;

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
    /* list of struct preempt_notifier: */
    struct hlist_head preempt_notifiers;
#endif

    /*
     * fpu_counter contains the number of consecutive context switches
     * that the FPU is used. If this is over a threshold, the lazy fpu
     * saving becomes unlazy to save the trap. This is an unsigned char
     * so that after 256 times the counter wraps and the behavior turns
     * lazy again; this to deal with bursty apps that only use FPU for
     * a short time
     */
    unsigned char fpu_counter;
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE
    unsigned int btrace_seq;
#endif

    unsigned int policy;
    cpumask_t cpus_allowed;

#ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
    int rcu_read_lock_nesting;
    char rcu_read_unlock_special;
    struct rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node;
    struct list_head rcu_node_entry;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU */

#if defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS) || defined(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT)
    struct sched_info sched_info;
#endif

    struct list_head tasks;
    struct plist_node pushable_tasks;

    struct mm_struct *mm, *active_mm;

/* task state */
    int exit_state;
    int exit_code, exit_signal;
    int pdeath_signal;  /*  The signal sent when the parent dies  */
    unsigned int personality;
    unsigned did_exec:1;
    unsigned in_execve:1;   /* Tell the LSMs that the process is doing an
                 * execve */
    unsigned in_iowait:1;


    /* Revert to default priority/policy when forking */
    unsigned sched_reset_on_fork:1;

    pid_t pid;
    pid_t tgid;

#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
    /* Canary value for the -fstack-protector gcc feature */
    unsigned long stack_canary;
#endif

    /* 
     * pointers to (original) parent process, youngest child, younger sibling,
     * older sibling, respectively.  (p->father can be replaced with 
     * p->real_parent->pid)
     */
    struct task_struct *real_parent; /* real parent process */
    struct task_struct *parent; /* recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports */
    /*
     * children/sibling forms the list of my natural children
     */
    struct list_head children;  /* list of my children */
    struct list_head sibling;   /* linkage in my parent's children list */
    struct task_struct *group_leader;   /* threadgroup leader */

    /*
     * ptraced is the list of tasks this task is using ptrace on.
     * This includes both natural children and PTRACE_ATTACH targets.
     * p->ptrace_entry is p's link on the p->parent->ptraced list.
     */
    struct list_head ptraced;
    struct list_head ptrace_entry;

    /*
     * This is the tracer handle for the ptrace BTS extension.
     * This field actually belongs to the ptracer task.
     */
    struct bts_context *bts;

    /* PID/PID hash table linkage. */
    struct pid_link pids[PIDTYPE_MAX];
    struct list_head thread_group;

    struct completion *vfork_done;      /* for vfork() */
    int __user *set_child_tid;      /* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID */
    int __user *clear_child_tid;        /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID */

    cputime_t utime, stime, utimescaled, stimescaled;
    cputime_t gtime;
    cputime_t prev_utime, prev_stime;
    unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw; /* context switch counts */
    struct timespec start_time;         /* monotonic time */
    struct timespec real_start_time;    /* boot based time */
/* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */
    unsigned long min_flt, maj_flt;

    struct task_cputime cputime_expires;
    struct list_head cpu_timers[3];

/* process credentials */
    const struct cred *real_cred;   /* objective and real subjective task
                     * credentials (COW) */
    const struct cred *cred;    /* effective (overridable) subjective task
                     * credentials (COW) */
    struct mutex cred_guard_mutex;  /* guard against foreign influences on
                     * credential calculations
                     * (notably. ptrace) */
    struct cred *replacement_session_keyring; /* for KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT */

    char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name excluding path
                     - access with [gs]et_task_comm (which lock
                       it with task_lock())
                     - initialized normally by flush_old_exec */
/* file system info */
    int link_count, total_link_count;
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC
/* ipc stuff */
    struct sysv_sem sysvsem;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK
/* hung task detection */
    unsigned long last_switch_count;
#endif
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct thread_struct thread;
/* filesystem information */
    struct fs_struct *fs;
/* open file information */
    struct files_struct *files;
/* namespaces */
    struct nsproxy *nsproxy;
/* signal handlers */
    struct signal_struct *signal;
    struct sighand_struct *sighand;

    sigset_t blocked, real_blocked;
    sigset_t saved_sigmask; /* restored if set_restore_sigmask() was used */
    struct sigpending pending;

    unsigned long sas_ss_sp;
    size_t sas_ss_size;
    int (*notifier)(void *priv);
    void *notifier_data;
    sigset_t *notifier_mask;
    struct audit_context *audit_context;
#ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
    uid_t loginuid;
    unsigned int sessionid;
#endif
    seccomp_t seccomp;

/* Thread group tracking */
    u32 parent_exec_id;
    u32 self_exec_id;
/* Protection of (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings, mems_allowed,
 * mempolicy */
    spinlock_t alloc_lock;

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS
    /* IRQ handler threads */
    struct irqaction *irqaction;
#endif

    /* Protection of the PI data structures: */
    spinlock_t pi_lock;

#ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
    /* PI waiters blocked on a rt_mutex held by this task */
    struct plist_head pi_waiters;
    /* Deadlock detection and priority inheritance handling */
    struct rt_mutex_waiter *pi_blocked_on;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
    /* mutex deadlock detection */
    struct mutex_waiter *blocked_on;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
    unsigned int irq_events;
    int hardirqs_enabled;
    unsigned long hardirq_enable_ip;
    unsigned int hardirq_enable_event;
    unsigned long hardirq_disable_ip;
    unsigned int hardirq_disable_event;
    int softirqs_enabled;
    unsigned long softirq_disable_ip;
    unsigned int softirq_disable_event;
    unsigned long softirq_enable_ip;
    unsigned int softirq_enable_event;
    int hardirq_context;
    int softirq_context;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
# define MAX_LOCK_DEPTH 48UL
    u64 curr_chain_key;
    int lockdep_depth;
    unsigned int lockdep_recursion;
    struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH];
    gfp_t lockdep_reclaim_gfp;
#endif

/* journalling filesystem info */
    void *journal_info;

/* stacked block device info */
    struct bio *bio_list, **bio_tail;

/* VM state */
    struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state;

    struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info;

    struct io_context *io_context;

    unsigned long ptrace_message;
    siginfo_t *last_siginfo; /* For ptrace use.  */
    struct task_io_accounting ioac;
#if defined(CONFIG_TASK_XACCT)
    u64 acct_rss_mem1;  /* accumulated rss usage */
    u64 acct_vm_mem1;   /* accumulated virtual memory usage */
    cputime_t acct_timexpd; /* stime + utime since last update */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS
    nodemask_t mems_allowed;    /* Protected by alloc_lock */
    int cpuset_mem_spread_rotor;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
    /* Control Group info protected by css_set_lock */
    struct css_set *cgroups;
    /* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock */
    struct list_head cg_list;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
    struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
    struct compat_robust_list_head __user *compat_robust_list;
#endif
    struct list_head pi_state_list;
    struct futex_pi_state *pi_state_cache;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
    struct perf_event_context *perf_event_ctxp;
    struct mutex perf_event_mutex;
    struct list_head perf_event_list;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
    struct mempolicy *mempolicy;    /* Protected by alloc_lock */
    short il_next;
#endif
    atomic_t fs_excl;   /* holding fs exclusive resources */
    struct rcu_head rcu;

    /*
     * cache last used pipe for splice
     */
    struct pipe_inode_info *splice_pipe;
#ifdef  CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
    struct task_delay_info *delays;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION
    int make_it_fail;
#endif
    struct prop_local_single dirties;
#ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
    int latency_record_count;
    struct latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT];
#endif
    /*
     * time slack values; these are used to round up poll() and
     * select() etc timeout values. These are in nanoseconds.
     */
    unsigned long timer_slack_ns;
    unsigned long default_timer_slack_ns;

    struct list_head    *scm_work_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
    /* Index of current stored adress in ret_stack */
    int curr_ret_stack;
    /* Stack of return addresses for return function tracing */
    struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack;
    /* time stamp for last schedule */
    unsigned long long ftrace_timestamp;
    /*
     * Number of functions that haven't been traced
     * because of depth overrun.
     */
    atomic_t trace_overrun;
    /* Pause for the tracing */
    atomic_t tracing_graph_pause;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
    /* state flags for use by tracers */
    unsigned long trace;
    /* bitmask of trace recursion */
    unsigned long trace_recursion;
#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
    unsigned long stack_start;
};

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