linux下的arp刷新命令详解,ARP缓存表更新机制和Linux下的arping命令

ARP缓存表更新机制

收到ARP请求后，更新ARP缓存表和应答的条件：

1，收到一个请求包，若目的mac是硬件广播地址，且目的IP是本机IP,即请求本机mac，则查看ARP缓存表是否有源主机IP与源主机mac

地址的对应条目，若有且与收到的不一致则更新，若无，则添加，最后构造一个针对请求主机的ARP单播应答包。

2, 收到一个请求包，若目的mac是硬件广播地址，但目的IP不是本机IP，即不是请求本机mac，那么忽略该请求。

(注：实验表明：目的mac是本机网卡mac，且目的IP是本机IP，主机也会作出应答。分析：收到的这个请求包可能发生了错误，因为既然知道了目的主机mac就无需再请求了，但也不排除是其他协议在检测网络状态)。

(结论：只有目的MAC是硬件广播地址，且目的IP是本机IP，才对条目进行添加或者更新，并回复应答包。)

arping命令

1.概述

arping常用于检测IP是否已经存在、某个IP的MAC的地址等。

2.arping各参数含义

a.无参数，持续的向特定IP地址请求arp

[root@smart Desktop]# arping 192.168.1.105

ARPING 192.168.1.105 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 1.324ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 104.092ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 8.286ms

b. -c count，发送arp包个数

[root@smart Desktop]# arping -c 1 192.168.1.105

ARPING 192.168.1.105 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 1.413ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 101.567ms

Sent 1 probes (1 broadcast(s))

Received 2 response(s)

[root@smart Desktop]# arping -c 2 192.168.1.105

ARPING 192.168.1.105 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 1.321ms

[root@smart Desktop]# arping -c 3 192.168.1.105

ARPING 192.168.1.105 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 1.378ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 45.732ms

[root@smart Desktop]# arping -c 4 192.168.1.105

ARPING 192.168.1.105 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 1.581ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.105 [3C:BD:3E:61:13:08] 14.577ms

Sent 4 probes (1 broadcast(s))

Received 2 response(s)

c. -f 收到回复后退出

[root@smart ~]# arping -f 192.168.1.1

ARPING 192.168.1.1 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.205ms

Sent 1 probes (1 broadcast(s))

Received 1 response(s)

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d. -q 不输出结果，常与-c等共用

[root@smart ~]# arping -q 192.168.1.2 -c 1

[root@smart ~]# echo $?

e. -I interface address，网卡

[root@smart ~]# arping 192.168.1.1 -I eth0

ARPING 192.168.1.1 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.435ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.118ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.083ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.079ms

^CSent 4 probes (1 broadcast(s))

Received 4 response(s)

f. -s 指定源地址

[root@smart ~]# arping 192.168.1.1 -s 192.168.1.120

ARPING 192.168.1.1 from 192.168.1.120 eth0

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.183ms

Unicast reply from 192.168.1.1 [6C:59:40:FC:C4:F3] 1.153ms

^CSent 2 probes (1 broadcast(s))