C++线程和互斥锁----1

本系列浅谈自己接触过的线程和互斥锁，欢迎交流

我对线程的理解就是多条腿走路，但同时也会有一条主腿，虽然这个解释并不恰当，但是读者可以粗略的理解为主腿就是主线程，另外多条腿就是子线程。

通常情况下main函数就是主线程，为了提高cpu的运行效率，充分利用cpu的资源，因此我们常常会调用子线程帮助一起进行计算。

互斥：线程之间可能会发生争抢资源的现象，因此需要进行互斥，即用一把锁锁住一个线程里的函数，直到运行完后解锁，线程再去执行下一个函数。

线程：主线程和子线程在运行时执行完毕的时间是不一定的，主线程在通常要在所有子线程运行完释放资源之后再结束释放，因此就涉及到了本文的函数。

pthread_mutex_init：线程初始化
pthread_join()：当前线程阻塞，指导被调用线程结束后，当前线程才开始执行

使用方法：

pthread_t tid;
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_run,NULL);
pthread_join(tid,NULL);

1. 头文件

#include <pthread.h>

2. 函数原型

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict_mutex,const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict_attr);

3. 示例对比
   下面是两个C++文件，编译命令为：

g++ test.cpp -lpthread -o test
./test

未使用线程锁：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int gnum = 0;

static void* thread_fun1(void*)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {   
        printf("this is  thread1\n");
        sleep(1);
        gnum++;
        printf("thread1 add  one to num %d\n", gnum);
    }   
}

static void* thread_fun2(void*)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {   
        printf("this is  thread2\n");

        sleep(1);
        gnum++;
        printf("thread2 add  one to num %d\n", gnum);

    }   
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t id1, id2;
    printf("start\n");
    pthread_create(&id1, NULL, thread_fun1, NULL);
    pthread_create(&id2, NULL, thread_fun2, NULL);
    pthread_join(id1, NULL);
    pthread_join(id2, NULL);
    printf("end\n");
}

结果：线程1和2非规律的交替运行，实现函数功能。

start
this is  thread1
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 2
this is  thread2
thread1 add  one to num 1
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 3
this is  thread1
thread2 add  one to num 4
this is  thread2
thread1 add  one to num 5
thread2 add  one to num 6
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 7
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 8
end

使用线程锁：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

int gnum = 0;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;

static void* thread_fun1(void*)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {   
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        printf("this is  thread1\n");
        sleep(1);
        gnum++;
        printf("thread1 add  one to num %d\n", gnum);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }   
}

static void* thread_fun2(void*)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {   
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        printf("this is  thread2\n");
        sleep(1);
        gnum++;
        printf("thread2 add  one to num %d\n", gnum);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t id1, id2;
    printf("start\n");
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
    pthread_create(&id1, NULL, thread_fun1, NULL);
    pthread_create(&id2, NULL, thread_fun2, NULL);
    pthread_join(id1, NULL);
    pthread_join(id2, NULL);
    printf("end\n");
}

结果：在主线程中先运行线程1的内容，实现五次循环，再解锁进入线程2里面实现五次循环，解锁释放，主函数结束。

start
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 1
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 2
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 3
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 4
this is  thread1
thread1 add  one to num 5
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 6
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 7
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 8
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 9
this is  thread2
thread2 add  one to num 10
end