边界调整,字节对齐
某些因素会导致成员变量之间排列不连续,就是边界调整(字节对齐),调整的目的是提高效率,编译器自动调整;往成员之间填补一些字节,使用类对象的sizoef字节数凑成 一个4的整数倍,8的整数倍;
为了统一字节对齐问题,引入一个概念叫一字节对齐(不对齐);在类前面加上#pragma pack(1),类后面加上#pragma pack() 取消指定对齐,恢复默认对齐方式;
普通成员变量的存储顺序
按照在类中的定义顺序从上到下来的;比较晚出现的成员变量在内存中有更高的地址;类定义中pubic,private,protected的数量,不影响类对象的大小;
成员变量偏移值
就是成员变量的地址离对象首地址偏移多少
测试cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma pack(1) //对齐方式设置为1字节对齐(不对齐)
class MYACLS
{
public:
static int m_si; //不占用类对象内存空间
int m_i;
int m_j;
int m_k;
char m_c;
int m_n;
private:
int m_pria;
int m_prib;
public:
//三:成员变量偏移值的打印
//成员变量偏移值,就是这个成员变量的地址,离对象首地址偏移多少;
void printMemPoint()
{
printf("MYACLS::m_i = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_i);
printf("MYACLS::m_j = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_j);
printf("MYACLS::m_k = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_k);
printf("MYACLS::m_c = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_c);
printf("MYACLS::m_n = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_n);
printf("MYACLS::m_pria = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_pria);
printf("MYACLS::m_prib = %p\n", &MYACLS::m_prib);
cout << "-------------------------" << endl;
}
virtual void myfv() {}//虚函数指针,4字节
};
#pragma pack() //取消指定对齐,恢复默认对齐方式;
int main()
{
//一:边界调整
MYACLS myobj;
cout << sizeof(myobj) << endl;//29
cout << "栈区对象:" << endl;
//二:普通成员变量的存储顺序 是按照在类中的定义顺序从上到下来的;
//比较晚出现的成员变量在内存中有更高的地址;
printf("myobj.m_i = %p\n", &myobj.m_i);
printf("myobj.m_j = %p\n", &myobj.m_j);
printf("myobj.m_k = %p\n", &myobj.m_k);
printf("myobj.m_c = %p\n", &myobj.m_c);
printf("myobj.m_n = %p\n", &myobj.m_n);
cout << "-------------------" << endl;
cout << "堆区区对象:" << endl;
MYACLS* pmyobj = new MYACLS();
printf("指针本身在栈区 = %p\n", &pmyobj);
printf("new对象首地址(堆区) = %p\n", pmyobj);
printf("pmyobj->m_i = %p\n", &pmyobj->m_i);
printf("pmyobj->m_j = %p\n", &pmyobj->m_j);
printf("pmyobj->m_k = %p\n", &pmyobj->m_k);
printf("pmyobj->m_c = %p\n", &pmyobj->m_c);
printf("pmyobj->m_n = %p\n", &pmyobj->m_n);
cout << "-------------------------" << endl;
cout << "打印成员变量偏移值:(虚函数表指针在最前面)" << endl;
pmyobj->printMemPoint();
return 1;
}