创建了两个线程——WaitThread和NotifyThread,前者检查flag值是否为false,如果符合要求,进行后续操作,否则在lock上等待,后者在睡眠了一段时间后对lock进行通知
package thread;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class WaitNotify {
static boolean flag = true;
static Object lock = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//检查flag值是否为false
Thread waitThread = new Thread(new Wait(), "WaitThread");
waitThread.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
//对lock进行通知
Thread notifyThread = new Thread(new Notify(), "NotifyThread");
notifyThread.start();
}
static class Wait implements Runnable {
public void run() {
// 加锁,拥有lock的Monitor
synchronized (lock) {
// 当条件不满足时,继续wait,同时释放了lock的锁
while (flag) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " flag is true. wait@ "
+ new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
lock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
// 条件满足时,完成工作
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " flag is false. running@ "
+ new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
}
}
}
static class Notify implements Runnable {
public void run() {
// 加锁,拥有lock的Monitor
synchronized (lock) {
// 获取lock的锁,然后进行通知,通知时不会释放lock的锁,
// 直到当前线程释放了lock后,WaitThread才能从wait方法中返回
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " hold lock. notify @ "
+ new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
lock.notifyAll();
flag = false;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 再次加锁
synchronized (lock) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " hold lock again. sleep@ "
+ new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
输出
Thread[WaitThread,5,main] flag is true. wait@ 15:39:25
Thread[NotifyThread,5,main] hold lock. notify @ 15:39:26
Thread[NotifyThread,5,main] hold lock again. sleep@ 15:39:31
Thread[WaitThread,5,main] flag is false. running@ 15:39:36
- 使用wait()、notify()和notifyAll()时需要先对调用对象加锁。
- 调用wait()方法后,线程状态由RUNNING变为WAITING,并将当前线程放置到对象的等待队列。
- notify()或notifyAll()方法调用后,等待线程依旧不会从wait()返回,需要调用notify()或notifAll()的线程释放锁之后,等待线程才有机会从wait()返回。
- notify()方法将等待队列中的一个等待线程从等待队列中移到同步队列中,而notifyAll()方法则是将等待队列中所有的线程全部移到同步队列,被移动的线程状态由WAITING变为BLOCKED。
- 从wait()方法返回的前提是获得了调用对象的锁。从上述细节中可以看到,等待/通知机制依托于同步机制,其目的就是确保等待线程从wait()方法返回时能够感知到通知线程对变量做出的修改。