linux下mysql5.7初始化_【Linux】数据库系列之MySQL5.7x的安装与初始化-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42427302/article/details/113134800

这篇博客详细介绍了如何在Linux CentOS 7.x上通过二进制包方式安装和初始化MySQL 5.7.x。包括从MySQL官网下载安装包，解压，创建数据目录，使用`mysqld --initialize`初始化，配置my.cnf文件，设置开机自启动，解决启动问题，以及登录和修改root密码的过程。

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上次装Oracle出的问题真是太多太多了，MySQL会简单许多，这次就来分析下MySQL在Linux上的安装与初始化。同样系统是centos7.x

MySQL的安装方式很多。我主要用了2种方式：源码包方式(安装内容模块可以自定义，稳定性高，但是比较费时间)二进制包安装方式(比较方便，初始化安装后就可以用)

一、二进制包方式

1、登录MySQL官网：https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

2、选择需要的安装版本(社区版)

3、安装

上传下载的MySQL5.7x到centos7x虚拟机内，或者wget下载。

解压：

[root@centos7 opt]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@centos7 opt]# mv mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql[root@centos7 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@centos7 mysql]# useradd mysql[root@centos7 mysql]# mkdir data[root@centos7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

5.7.x之后的版本初始化数据库不再使用mysql_install_db，而是使用： bin/mysqld --initialize.

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data2019-02-21 17:05:27 [WARNING]mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize2019-02-21 17:05:31 [WARNING]The bootstrap log isn't empty:2019-02-21 17:05:31 [WARNING] 2019-02-21T09:05:28.203493Z 0 [Warning]--bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead[root@centos7 bin]#

使用mysqld --initialize：

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data2019-02-21T09:07:47.784915Z 0 [Warning]TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2019-02-21T09:07:47.786735Z 0 [ERROR]--initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2019-02-21T09:07:47.786768Z 0 [ERROR]Aborting[root@centos7 bin]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data2019-02-21T09:09:32.773141Z 0 [Warning]TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2019-02-21T09:09:34.064508Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2019-02-21T09:09:34.252282Z 0 [Warning]InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2019-02-21T09:09:34.320052Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 67cc2fdb-35b8-11e9-a738-000c29186a7c.2019-02-21T09:09:34.321735Z 0 [Warning]Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2019-02-21T09:09:34.330050Z 1 [Note]A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: >aHMp/_V3(Aq[root@centos7 bin]#

ps:注意保存最后面的密码。

创建配置文件：

[root@centos7 bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf

发现存在my.cnf文件看来系统自带了mariadb,卸载它。

[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

现在已经卸载了系统自带的mariadb,继续创建my.cnf

编辑my.cnf:

[root@centos7 support-files]# cp ./mysql.server /etc/ininit.d/inittab inputrc

[root@centos7 support-files]# cp ./mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@centos7 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

设置开机自启动：

[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list

注意：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。

如果您想列出 systemd 服务,请执行'systemctl list-unit-files'。

欲查看对特定 target 启用的服务请执行'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关

netconsole0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关

network0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关

将MySQL服务添加到系统服务以便设置开机自启：(2、3、4、5级别启动时开启MySQL)

redhalt7系统使用了systemctl 不过保留了原来的service 仍然可以使用。

启动MySQL：

[root@centos7 support-files]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid).

出现错误：不能更新进程id文件：

解决重新进行初始化：

在初始化前先删除data里的全部文件

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid2019-02-22T01:02:07.626070Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation formore details).2019-02-22T01:02:08.873600Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2019-02-22T01:02:09.114675Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2019-02-22T01:02:09.207208Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 7ac3daf9-363d-11e9-b3db-000c29186a7c.2019-02-22T01:02:09.209157Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2019-02-22T01:02:09.213326Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s-jwb*inb5L4

[root@centos7 bin]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.Logging to'/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.err'.

SUCCESS![root@centos7 bin]# ps-ef |grep mysql

root2919 1 0 09:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid

mysql3121 2919 2 09:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=centos7.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306root3151 2080 0 09:02 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[root@centos7 bin]#

登录MySQL：

在/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下执行：

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 2Server version:5.7.25MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

这里因为在/etc/my.cnf里加入了skip-grant-tables选项因此不需要输入密码就可以登录，没有设置该参数，输入初始化产生的初始密码就可以了。(为了安全在更改密码后该参数需要删除)

更改密码;

mysql>use mysql;

Reading table informationforcompletion of table and column names

You can turn offthis feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root'

->;

Query OK,1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00sec)

Rows matched:1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1mysql>flush privileges;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql>exit

Bye

第一次密码登录root用户后必须执行：

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxx' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER account unlock; #原本密码有效期为360天需要取消这个限制。mysql> flush privileges;

重新登录mysql:

更改my.cnf

删除红框部分，保存！

重启mysql

[root@centos7 bin]# service mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

登录后注意修改root密码期限。

登录MySQL并创建一个能够远程登录的用户：

使用sqlyog验证：

二、使用源码包方式安装MySQL5.7x

1.安装编译工具和所需要的依赖库：

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

发现：