1.nginx 下载安装 及主要原理
原理:不等待数据加载,所以一个进程可以同时处理上千个请求。nginx启动之后会启动1个master进程处理nginx内部核心逻辑,多个worker 线程,专门用来处理nginx服务
2.nginx 常用命令
(1)nginx -? :查看nginx命令帮助
(2)nginx -t :检查nginx.conf 文件的语法
(3)nginx -T:检查nginx.conf 文件的语法
(4)nginx -v:查看nginx 的版本
(5)nginx -V:查看nginx的版本,可以输出nginx 打开的module
(6)nginx -s [reopen|reload|stop|quit]:给nginx发送消息
reopen:修改日志文件输出位置后,需要reopen,配置才会生效
reload:重新加载nginx.conf 文件
stop:立即停止nginx
quit:优雅的停止nginx
3.nginx.conf 文件样例
#user nobody;#nginx 服务启动用户
worker_processes 1;#工作线程数量
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log debug; #error日志输出的位置及日志级别
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
debug_connection 192.168.0.147;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;#include指的是把mime.types 中的内容原样合并到该配置文件中
default_type application/octet-stream;
#日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#日志输出位置,注意:后面的main是固定的
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
#连接超时时间
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
#server 必须在http中,一个http中可以有多个server站点
server {
#监听端口号
listen 80;
#监听的域名,可以有多个域名,多个域名之间使用空格隔开
server_name www.luban.com;
#根目录
root /www/luban/;
access_log logs/$host.access.log main;
location / {
index index.html index.htm;
#指定只有【.luban.com】结尾的网站才可以加载次location
valid_referers none blocked *.luban.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
}
location /old/ {
#别名
alias /www/old_luban/;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location = /old/baidu {
proxy_pass http://www.baidu.com/;
}
location ~ \.(png|jpg|gif|avi|mp4|css|js)$ {
root /www/static/;
valid_referers none blocked *.luban.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location = /basic_status {
stub_status;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
4.root 和alias 的区别
root:可以放在server、location中,location中的root优先级更高,root不会把前缀去掉,例如:
location /action/test {
root /home/static;
}
#请求的路径是/action/test/index.html,最后映射的完整地址是:
/home/static/action/test/index.html
alias:别名,只能配置在location中,会把前缀替换掉,例如:
location /action/test {
alias /home/static;
}
#请求的路径是/action/test/index.html,最后映射的完整地址是:
/home/static/index.html
5.location 前缀匹配规则
(1)= 精确匹配
(2)/ 前缀匹配
(3)~正则表达式,区分大小写匹配
(4)~* 正则表达式,不区分大小写匹配
6.location 匹配优先级
优先级从高到低:
(1)= 精确匹配
(2)正则匹配
(3)前缀最大匹配原则
(4)配置靠前优先
7.限防盗链配置
加入到指定的location中:
valid_referers none blocked *.xxx.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
8.动静分离
静态资源加载:
(1)如果静态资源的路径前缀是固定的,推荐使用 前缀匹配
location /static {
alias /home/static;
}
(2)正则表达式:
location ~* \.(css|png|jpg|js)$ {
alias /home/static;
}