python格式化读取_使用python读取格式化文本

您可以分别解析第一行以查找分隔符和字段名：

firstline = next(f).split()

delimiter = firstline[1][-1]

fields = firstline[2:]

请注意,csv.DictReader可以将任何iterable作为其第一个参数.因此,要跳过注释,可以将f包装在迭代器(skip_comments)中,该迭代器仅产生非注释行：

import csv

def skip_comments(iterable):

for line in iterable:

if not line.startswith('#'):

yield line

with open('data.csv','rb') as f:

firstline = next(f).split()

delimiter = firstline[1][-1]

fields = firstline[2:]

for line in csv.DictReader(skip_comments(f),

delimiter = delimiter, fieldnames = fields):

print line

在您发布的数据上,这会产生

{'field2': 'b', 'field3': 'c', 'field1': 'a'}

{'field2': 'e', 'field3': 'f', 'field1': 'd'}

{'field2': 'h', 'field3': 'i', 'field1': 'g'}

要以这种格式编写文件,可以使用头辅助函数：

def header(delimiter,fields):

return '#h -F{d} {f}\n'.format(d = delimiter, f=' '.join(fields))

with open('data.csv', 'rb') as f:

with open('output.csv', 'wb') as g:

firstline = next(f).split()

delimiter = firstline[1][-1]

fields = firstline[2:]

writer = csv.DictWriter(g, delimiter = delimiter, fieldnames = fields)

g.write(header(delimiter,fields))

for row in csv.DictReader(skip_comments(f),

delimiter = delimiter, fieldnames = fields):

writer.writerow(row)

g.write('# comment\n')

请注意,您可以使用g.write(用于标题或注释行)或writer.writerow(用于csv)写入output.csv.