设计模式
单例模式、策略模式、工厂模式…
策略模式
- 定义
- 又叫Policy,将多个不同算法,将其分别封装起来,并且使他们可以相互替换。策略模式可以独立于使用他们的客户端而变化
- 常用于替换多个的if else的场景
- 好处1:满足java的开闭原则,扩展开放,修改关闭
- 好处2:符合java面向对象的特性
- 案例说明:某支付系统的充值算法(列举4种不同的充值算法)
- 网银充值,8.5折
- 商户充值,9折
- 手机充值,没有优惠
- 点卡充值,收取1%的渠道费
- 新手设计
package com.strategy;
public class Example {
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type) {
if (type.equals(RechargeTypeEnum.E_BANK)) {
return charge * 0.85;
} else if (type.equals(RechargeTypeEnum.BUSI_ACCOUNTS)) {
return charge * 0.90;
} else if (type.equals(RechargeTypeEnum.MOBILE)) {
return charge;
} else if (type.equals(RechargeTypeEnum.CARD_RECHARGE)) {
return charge + charge * 0.01;
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
- 老司机设计—静态结构图
- RechargeTypeEnum(枚举类,4种充值方式)
package com.strategy;
public enum RechargeTypeEnum {
E_BANK(1, "网银"),
BUSI_ACCOUNTS(2, "商户账号"),
MOBILE(3, "手机卡充值"),
CARD_RECHARGE(4, "充值卡");
private int value;
private String description;
private RechargeTypeEnum(int value, String description) {
this.value = value;
this.description = description;
}
public int value() {
return value;
}
public String description() {
return description;
}
public static RechargeTypeEnum valueOf(int value) {
for (RechargeTypeEnum type : RechargeTypeEnum.values()) {
if (type.value() == value) {
return type;
}
}
return null;
}
}
- Strategy接口–体现了策略模式+java面向对象和多态
package com.strategy;
/**
* ①网银充值,8.5折;
*
* ②商户充值,9折;
*
* ③手机充值,没有优惠;
*
* ④点卡充值,收取1%的渠道费;
*/
public interface Strategy {
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type);
}
package com.strategy;
public class EBankStrategy implements Strategy{
@Override
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type) {
return charge*0.85;
}
}
- 实现类2:BusiAcctStrategy(商户充值)
package com.strategy;
public class BusiAcctStrategy implements Strategy {
@Override
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type) {
return charge*0.90;
}
}
- 实现类3:MobileStrategy(手机充值)
package com.strategy;
public class MobileStrategy implements Strategy {
@Override
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type) {
return charge;
}
}
package com.strategy;
public class CardStrategy implements Strategy {
@Override
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, RechargeTypeEnum type) {
return charge*1.01;
}
}
- 重点:StrategyFactory(创建策略类的工厂—此工厂是个单例)
package com.strategy;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* StrategyFactory是一个单例
* 通过静态内部类实例化单例对象
* 好处4点:比懒汉式和恶汉式好
* ① 只有在调用getInstance()时候才会加载StrategyFactoryInnerClass这个内部类,不会有类加载效率慢以及资源浪费的情况(恶汉式就会有此两种麻烦)
* ② 多线程情况下,没有线程安全问题,无论如何得到的都是同一单例(懒汉式不加锁会有线程安全问题,加锁会造成类加载效率慢)
* ③ 增加私有构造器相关处理(避免反射暴力访问)
* ④ 增加反序列化调用方法(避免反序列化时得到的不是同一个对象)
*/
public class StrategyFactory {
private static StrategyFactory factory =null;
private static class StrategyFactoryInnerClass{
private static final StrategyFactory factory=new StrategyFactory();
}
//外部获取单例工厂对象的方法入口
public static StrategyFactory getInstance(){
return StrategyFactoryInnerClass.factory;
}
/**
* 注意两点:
* ① 为啥要私有化构造器:防止外部调用此构造器new对象,那么得到的就不是单例咯
* ② private我也可以访问:我用反射暴力破解获得该类的私有构造器,从而new 对象,所以里面加了个判断,保证就算反射得到的也是该单例
*/
private StrategyFactory(){
if(factory!=null){
throw new RuntimeException("此factory已存在,不允许调用此构造器创建对象");
}
}
/**
* 防止通过反序列化对象(in.readObject)得到的对象不是同一个
* 反序列化就调用此方法获取此单列
*/
public Object readResolve(){
return factory;
}
private static Map strategyMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();
static{
strategyMap.put(RechargeTypeEnum.E_BANK.value(), new EBankStrategy());
strategyMap.put(RechargeTypeEnum.BUSI_ACCOUNTS.value(), new BusiAcctStrategy());
strategyMap.put(RechargeTypeEnum.MOBILE.value(), new MobileStrategy());
strategyMap.put(RechargeTypeEnum.CARD_RECHARGE.value(), new CardStrategy());
}
public Strategy creator(Integer type){
return (Strategy)strategyMap.get(type);
}
}
package com.strategy;
public class Context {
private Strategy strategy;
public Double calRecharge(Double charge, Integer type) {
strategy = StrategyFactory.getInstance().creator(type);
return strategy.calRecharge(charge, RechargeTypeEnum.valueOf(type));
}
public Strategy getStrategy() {
return strategy;
}
public void setStrategy(Strategy strategy) {
this.strategy = strategy;
}
}
package com.strategy;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Context context = new Context();
// 网银充值100 需要付多少
Double money = context.calRecharge(100D,
RechargeTypeEnum.E_BANK.value());
System.out.println(money);
// 商户账户充值100 需要付多少
Double money2 = context.calRecharge(100D,
RechargeTypeEnum.BUSI_ACCOUNTS.value());
System.out.println(money2);
// 手机充值100 需要付多少
Double money3 = context.calRecharge(100D,
RechargeTypeEnum.MOBILE.value());
System.out.println(money3);
// 充值卡充值100 需要付多少
Double money4 = context.calRecharge(100D,
RechargeTypeEnum.CARD_RECHARGE.value());
System.out.println(money4);
}
}
85.0
90.0
100.0
101.0