C++学习 多态

 多态是C++面向对象三大特性之一

多态分为两类

• 静态多态: 函数重载 和 运算符重载属于静态多态，复用函数名

• 动态多态: 派生类和虚函数实现运行时多态

静态多态和动态多态区别：

• 静态多态的函数地址早绑定 - 编译阶段确定函数地址

• 动态多态的函数地址晚绑定 - 运行阶段确定函数地址

多态满足条件

• 有继承关系

• 子类重写父类中的虚函数

多态使用条件

• 父类指针或引用指向子类对象

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//抽象CPU类
class CPU
{
public:
	//抽象的计算函数
	virtual void calculate() = 0;
};

//抽象显卡类
class VideoCard
{
public:
	//抽象的显示函数
	virtual void display() = 0;
};

//抽象内存条类
class Memory
{
public:
	//抽象的存储函数
	virtual void storage() = 0;
};

//电脑类
class Computer
{
public:
	Computer(CPU* cpu, VideoCard* vc, Memory* mem)
	{
		m_cpu = cpu;
		m_vc = vc;
		m_mem = mem;
	}

	//提供工作的函数
	void work()
	{
		//让零件工作起来，调用接口
		m_cpu->calculate();

		m_vc->display();

		m_mem->storage();
	}

	//提供析构函数 释放3个电脑零件
	~Computer()
	{

		//释放CPU零件
		if (m_cpu != NULL)
		{
			delete m_cpu;
			m_cpu = NULL;
		}

		//释放显卡零件
		if (m_vc != NULL)
		{
			delete m_vc;
			m_vc = NULL;
		}

		//释放内存条零件
		if (m_mem != NULL)
		{
			delete m_mem;
			m_mem = NULL;
		}
	}

private:

	CPU* m_cpu; //CPU的零件指针
	VideoCard* m_vc; //显卡零件指针
	Memory* m_mem; //内存条零件指针
};

//具体厂商
//Intel厂商
class IntelCPU :public CPU
{
public:
	void calculate()
	{
		cout << "Intel的CPU开始计算" << endl;
	}
};

class IntelVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public：
	void display()
	{
		cout << "Intel的显卡开始显示" << endl;
	}
};

class IntelMemory :public Memory
{
public:
	void storage()
	{
		cout << "Intel的内存条开始存储" << endl;
	}
};

class LenovoCPU :public CPU
{
public:
	void calculate()
	{
		cout << "Lenovo的CPU开始计算" << endl;
	}
};

class LenovoVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
	void display()
	{
		cout << "Lenovo的显卡开始显示" << endl;
	}
};

class LenovoMemory :public Memory
{
public:
	void storage()
	{
		cout << "Lenovo的内存条开始存储" << endl;
	}
};


void test()
{
	//第一台电脑零件
	CPU* intelCpu = new IntelCPU;
	VideoCard* intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
	Memory* intelMem = new IntelMemory;

	cout << "第一台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
	//创建第一台电脑
	Computer* computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu, intelCard, intelMem);
	computer1->work();
	delete computer1;

	cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
	cout << "第二台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
	//第二台电脑组装
	Computer* computer2 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new LenovoVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);;
	computer2->work();
	delete computer2;

	cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
	cout << "第三台电脑开始工作：" << endl;
	//第三台电脑组装
	Computer* computer3 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new IntelVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);;
	computer3->work();
	delete computer3;

}

int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

多态的优点：

• 代码组织结构清晰

• 可读性强

• 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护