1、 导入hellodb.sql生成数据库
[root@centos7 mysql]#mysql < hellodb_innodb.sql
或
MariaDB [hellodb]> source /app/mysql/hellodb_innodb.sql;
[root@centos7 mysql]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.5.8-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| hellodb |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
(1) 在students表中,查询年龄大于25岁,且为男性的同学的名字和年龄
MariaDB [hellodb]> select name,age from students where age > 25 and gender='M';
+--------------+-----+
| name | age |
+--------------+-----+
| Xie Yanke | 53 |
| Ding Dian | 32 |
| Yu Yutong | 26 |
| Shi Qing | 46 |
| Tian Boguang | 33 |
| Xu Xian | 27 |
| Sun Dasheng | 100 |
+--------------+-----+
7 rows in set (0.001 sec)
(2) 以ClassID为分组依据,显示每组的平均年龄
MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) from students group by classid;
+---------+----------+
| classid | avg(age) |
+---------+----------+
| NULL | 63.5000 |
| 1 | 20.5000 |
| 2 | 36.0000 |
| 3 | 20.2500 |
| 4 | 24.7500 |
| 5 | 46.0000 |
| 6 | 20.7500 |
| 7 | 19.6667 |
+---------+----------+
8 rows in set (0.001 sec)
(3) 显示第2题中平均年龄大于30的分组及平均年龄
MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) from students group by classid having avg(age)> 30;
+---------+----------+
| classid | avg(age) |
+---------+----------+
| NULL | 63.5000 |
| 2 | 36.0000 |
| 5 | 46.0000 |
+---------+----------+
(4) 显示以L开头的名字的同学的信息
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students where name like 'l%';
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)
2、数据库授权magedu用户,允许192.168.1.0/24网段可以连接mysql
创建用户
MariaDB [hellodb]> create user 'magedu'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'magedu';
授权
MariaDB [hellodb]> grant all privileges on mysql.* to 'magedu'@'192.168.1.%';
查看
MariaDB [hellodb]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+-------------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| User | Host | Password |
+-------------+--------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| mariadb.sys | localhost | |
| root | localhost | invalid |
| mysql | localhost | invalid |
| | localhost | |
| | centos7.magedu.org | |
| magedu | 192.168.1.% | *6B8CCC83799A26CD19D7AD9AEEADBCD30D8A8664 |
+-------------+--------------
MariaDB [hellodb]> show grants for 'magedu'@'192.168.1.%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for magedu@192.168.1.% |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `magedu`@`192.168.1.%` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6B8CCC83799A26CD19D7AD9AEEADBCD30D8A8664' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `mysql`.* TO `magedu`@`192.168.1.%` |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
3、总结mysql常见的存储引擎以及特点。
MyISAM引擎特点
- 不支持事务
- 表级锁定
- 读写相互阻塞,写入不能读,读时不能写
- 只缓存索引
- 不支持外键约束
- 不支持聚簇索引
- 读取数据较快,占用资源较少
- 不支持MVCC(多版本并发控制机制)高并发
- 崩溃恢复性较差
- MySQL5.5.5前默认的数据库引擎
MyISAM引擎文件
- tbl_name.frm 表格式定义
- tbl_name.MYD 数据文件
- tbl_name.MYI 索引文件
InnoDB引擎特点
- 行级锁
- 支持事务,适合处理大量短期事务
- 读写阻塞与事务隔离级别相关
- 可缓存数据和索引
- 支持聚簇索引
- 崩溃恢复性更好
- 支持MVCC高并发
- 从MySQL5.5后支持全文索引
- 从MySQL5.5.5开始为默认的数据库引擎
InnoDB数据库文件
- 表格式定义:tb_name.frm
- 数据文件(存储数据和索引):tb_name.ibd
- 数据文件类型2:ibdata1, ibdata2,存放在datadir定义的目录下