VRRP虚拟路由冗余协议

1、VRRP产生的背景：
网关冗余，目前我担心出口网关出现设备故障导致业务中断，但是下层设备的网关已经写好了就是出口网关，如果我搞2台设备做备份。

2、VRRP—虚拟路由冗余协议
VRRP工作原理：
AR1—AR2 运行VRRP协议后 AR1和AR2会互相发送VRRP报文，携带自己优先级默认100 选出主/备，假设AR1现在为主
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254 //AR1/AR2都敲

主设备会给PC发送免费ARP报文 作用刷新PC1的arp表项，AR1故障—>AR2成为主，AR2也会主动发ARP报文，刷新Pc Arp表项。
AR1:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
vrrp vrid 1 priority 150
vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.253
AR2:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.1.101 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.253
vrrp vrid 2 priority 150

交换机下配置VRRP

LSW2:
Vlan 10
int g0/0/1~2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
int g0/0/3~4
port link-type access
port default vlan 10

LSW3/4:
Vlan 10
int g0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10

int vlanif 10
ip add x.x.x.x 24
vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
vrrp vrid 10 priority 150
vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.1.253

如果设置不同的网段的网关，则需要新增Vlanif，
LSW3
int vlanif 10
ip add 192.168.1.100 24
vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
dhcp select interface
dhcp exclude-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.253

int vlanif 20
ip add 192.168.2.100 24
vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254

LSW4:
dhcp select interface
dhcp exclude-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.199

每个vlanif接口下都可以追踪其上行的物理接口
vvrp vrid x track interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 reduced 30 //当接口出现故障时，优先级下降30