- Noise Match
- IZ Match
- Power Match
- Self-Impedance Match
- Input Impedance Match
- Multiport Conjugate Match
[1] B. K. Lau, J. B. Andersen, G. Kristensson, and A. F. Molisch, “Impact of matching network on bandwidth of compact antenna arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 3225-3238, Nov. 2006.
[2] M. T. Ivrlac and J. A. Nossek, “Toward a circuit theory of communication,” IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1663–1683, 2010.
Z参数矩阵与S参数矩阵的转化关系
S = F ( Z ) = ( Z + Z 0 I ) − 1 ( Z − Z 0 I ) \mathbf{S}=\mathcal{F}(\mathbf{Z})=(\mathbf{Z}+Z_0\mathbf{I})^{-1}(\mathbf{Z}-Z_0\mathbf{I}) S=F(Z)=(Z+Z0I)−1(Z−Z0I)
多端口阻抗匹配网络分解
S M = [ S 11 S 12 S 21 S 22 ] \mathbf{S}_{\mathrm{M}}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} \mathbf{S}_{11} & \mathbf{S}_{12} \\ \mathbf{S}_{21} & \mathbf{S}_{22} \end{array}\right] SM=[S11S21S12S22]
无损匹配网络
S M H S M = I \mathbf{S}_{M}^{H} \mathbf{S}_{\mathrm{M}}=\mathbf{I} SMHSM=I
(保证正定性)
S 11 H S 11 + S 21 H S 21 = I S 12 H S 12 + S 22 H S 22 = I \begin{aligned} &\mathbf{S}_{11}^{H} \mathbf{S}_{11}+\mathbf{S}_{21}^{H} \mathbf{S}_{21}=\mathbf{I} \\ &\mathbf{S}_{12}^{H} \mathbf{S}_{12}+\mathbf{S}_{22}^{H} \mathbf{S}_{22}=\mathbf{I} \end{aligned} S11HS11+S21HS21=IS12HS12+S22HS22=I
几种阻抗匹配网络
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特征阻抗匹配(Characteristic Impedance Match)[1]:天线直接与负载(源)连接,匹配好坏取决于天线阻抗于特征阻抗的差别
S 11 = S 22 = 0 \mathbf{S}_{11}=\mathbf{S}_{22}=\mathbf{0} S11=S22=0
S 21 = S 12 = I \mathbf{S}_{21}=\mathbf{S}_{12}=\mathbf{I} S21=S12=I -
自阻抗匹配(Self Impedance Match)[1]:只考虑对角线元素,与各个端口呈共轭匹配
Z 11 = diag ( Z R R ∗ ) \mathbf{Z_{11}}=\text{diag}(\mathbf{Z}_{RR}^*) Z11=diag(ZRR∗)
S 11 = diag ( S R R ) ∗ = F [ diag ( Z R R ∗ ) ] \mathbf{S}_{11}=\operatorname{diag}\left(\mathbf{S}_{\mathrm{RR}}\right)^{*}=\mathcal{F}\left[\operatorname{diag}\left(\mathbf{Z}_{\mathbf{R R}}^{*}\right)\right] S11=diag(SRR)∗=F[diag(ZRR∗)] -
多端口共轭匹配(Multiport Conjugate Match)[1]
S 11 = S R R H \mathbf{S}_{11}=\mathbf{S}_{RR}^H S11=SRRH
S 22 = S L H \mathbf{S}_{22}=\mathbf{S}_{L}^H S22=SLH -
输入阻抗匹配(Input Impedance Match)[1]
并不对应于单端口匹配时的最大辐射或接收功率
对于任何天线间距,改方案利用了低的天线相关性 -
功率匹配(Power Match)[2]
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噪声匹配(Noise Match)[2]
-
IZ匹配
Tip1
- 如果
N
N
N端口匹配网络的S参数矩阵具有如下形式
S A = ( 0 A A T 0 ) S_{\text{A}}=\left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \mathbf{A} \\ \mathbf{A}^{\text{T}} & 0 \end{array}\right) SA=(0ATA0)
其中 A \mathbf{A} A为实矩阵且各列正交。对于端接后的网络,有
S i n = A S ′ A T S_{\text{i n}}=\mathbf{A} \mathbf{S}^{\prime} \mathbf{A}^{\text{T}} Si n=AS′AT 或 Z i n = A Z ′ A T Z_{\text{i n}}=\mathbf{A} \mathbf{Z}^{\prime} \mathbf{A}^{\text{T}} Zi n=AZ′AT
若S参数矩阵中均为虚数,令 Y ′ = Z ′ − 1 \mathbf{Y}^{\prime}=\mathbf{Z}^{\prime -1} Y′=Z′−1,有,
Z in = A Y ′ A T \mathbf{Z}_{\text {in }}=\mathbf{A} \mathbf{Y}^{\prime} \mathbf{A}^{\text{T}} Zin =AY′AT