pyqt5编写俄罗斯方块

用pyqt5写“俄罗斯方块”

pyqt5菜鸟一枚

self.tboard = Board(self)
self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)
创建了一个Board类的实例，并设置为应用的中心组件。

self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)
创建一个statusbar来显示三种信息：消除的行数，游戏暂停状态或者游戏结束状态。msg2Statusbar是一个自定义的信号，用在（和）Board类（交互），showMessage()方法是一个内建的，用来在statusbar上显示信息的方法。

self.tboard.start()
初始化游戏：

class Board(QFrame):

msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)

…
创建了一个自定义信号msg2Statusbar，当我们想往statusbar里显示信息的时候，发出这个信号就行了。

BoardWidth = 10
BoardHeight = 22
Speed = 300
这些是Board类的变量。BoardWidth和BoardHeight分别是board的宽度和高度。Speed是游戏的速度，每300ms出现一个新的方块。

…
self.curX = 0
self.curY = 0
self.numLinesRemoved = 0
self.board = []
…
在initBoard()里初始化了一些重要的变量。self.board定义了方块的形状和位置，取值范围是0-7。

def shapeAt(self, x, y):
return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
shapeAt()决定了board里方块的的种类。

def squareWidth(self):
return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth
board的大小可以动态的改变。所以方格的大小也应该随之变化。squareWidth()计算并返回每个块应该占用多少像素–也即Board.BoardWidth。

def pause(self):
‘’‘pauses game’’’

if not self.isStarted:
    return

self.isPaused = not self.isPaused

if self.isPaused:
    self.timer.stop()
    self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")

else:
    self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
    self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

self.update()

pause()方法用来暂停游戏，停止计时并在statusbar上显示一条信息。

def paintEvent(self, event):
‘’‘paints all shapes of the game’’’

painter = QPainter(self)
rect = self.contentsRect()

…
渲染是在paintEvent()方法里发生的QPainter负责PyQt5里所有低级绘画操作。

for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)

    if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
        self.drawSquare(painter,
            rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
            boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)

渲染游戏分为两步。第一步是先画出所有已经落在最下面的的图，这些保存在self.board里。可以使用shapeAt()查看这个这个变量。

if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:

for i in range(4):

    x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
    y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
    self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
        boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
        self.curPiece.shape())

第二步是画出更在下落的方块。

elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
在keyPressEvent()方法获得用户按下的按键。如果按下的是右方向键，就尝试把方块向右移动，说尝试是因为有可能到边界不能移动了。

elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
上方向键是把方块向左旋转一下

elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
self.dropDown()
空格键会直接把方块放到底部

elif key == Qt.Key_D:
self.oneLineDown()
D键是加速一次下落速度。

def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):

for i in range(4):

    x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
    y = newY - newPiece.y(i)

    if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
        return False

    if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
        return False

self.curPiece = newPiece
self.curX = newX
self.curY = newY
self.update()
return True

tryMove()是尝试移动方块的方法。如果方块已经到达board的边缘或者遇到了其他方块，就返回False。否则就把方块下落到想要

def timerEvent(self, event):

if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():

    if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
        self.newPiece()
    else:
        self.oneLineDown()

else:
    super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)

在计时器事件里，要么是等一个方块下落完之后创建一个新的方块，要么是让一个方块直接落到底（move a falling piece one line down）。

def clearBoard(self):

for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
    self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

clearBoard()方法通过Tetrominoe.NoShape清空broad。

def removeFullLines(self):

numFullLines = 0
rowsToRemove = []

for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

    n = 0
    for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
        if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
            n = n + 1

    if n == 10:
        rowsToRemove.append(i)

rowsToRemove.reverse()


for m in rowsToRemove:

    for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
        for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))

numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)

…
如果方块碰到了底部，就调用removeFullLines()方法，找到所有能消除的行消除它们。消除的具体动作就是把符合条件的行消除掉之后，再把它上面的行下降一行。注意移除满行的动作是倒着来的，因为我们是按照重力来表现游戏的，如果不这样就有可能出现有些方块浮在空中的现象。

def newPiece(self):

self.curPiece = Shape()
self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()

if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):

    self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
    self.timer.stop()
    self.isStarted = False
    self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")

newPiece()方法是用来创建形状随机的方块。如果随机的方块不能正确的出现在预设的位置，游戏结束。

class Tetrominoe(object):

NoShape = 0
ZShape = 1
SShape = 2
LineShape = 3
TShape = 4
SquareShape = 5
LShape = 6
MirroredLShape = 7

Tetrominoe类保存了所有方块的形状。我们还定义了一个NoShape的空形状。

Shape类保存类方块内部的信息。

class Shape(object):

coordsTable = (
    ((0, 0),     (0, 0),     (0, 0),     (0, 0)),
    ((0, -1),    (0, 0),     (-1, 0),    (-1, 1)),
    ...
)

…
coordsTable元组保存了所有的方块形状的组成。是一个构成方块的坐标模版。

self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
上面创建了一个新的空坐标数组，这个数组将用来保存方块的坐标。

坐标系示意图：

coordinates

上面的图片可以帮助我们更好的理解坐标值的意义。比如元组(0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, -1)代表了一个Z形状的方块。这个图表就描绘了这个形状。

def rotateLeft(self):

if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
    return self

result = Shape()
result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

for i in range(4):

    result.setX(i, self.y(i))
    result.setY(i, -self.x(i))

return result

rotateLeft()方法向右旋转一个方块。正方形的方块就没必要旋转，就直接返回了。其他的是返回一个新的，能表示这个形状旋转了的坐标。

完整代码展示：：：：
import sys, random
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor

class Tetris(QMainWindow):
def init(self):
super().init()

    self.initUI()

def initUI(self):
    self.tboard = Board(self)
    self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)

    self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
    self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)

    self.tboard.start()

    self.resize(180, 380)
    self.center()
    self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')
    self.show()

def center(self):
    screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
    size = self.geometry()
    self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2,
              (screen.height() - size.height()) / 2)

class Board(QFrame):
msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)

BoardWidth = 10
BoardHeight = 22
Speed = 300

def __init__(self, parent):
    super().__init__(parent)

    self.initBoard()

def initBoard(self):

    self.timer = QBasicTimer()
    self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

    self.curX = 0
    self.curY = 0
    self.numLinesRemoved = 0
    self.board = []

    self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
    self.isStarted = False
    self.isPaused = False
    self.clearBoard()

def shapeAt(self, x, y):
    return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]

def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
    self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape

def squareWidth(self):
    return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth

def squareHeight(self):
    return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeight

def start(self):

    if self.isPaused:
        return

    self.isStarted = True
    self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
    self.numLinesRemoved = 0
    self.clearBoard()

    self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

    self.newPiece()
    self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)

def pause(self):

    if not self.isStarted:
        return

    self.isPaused = not self.isPaused

    if self.isPaused:
        self.timer.stop()
        self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")

    else:
        self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
        self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

    self.update()

def paintEvent(self, event):

    painter = QPainter(self)
    rect = self.contentsRect()

    boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()

    for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
        for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
            shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)

            if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                self.drawSquare(painter,
                                rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
                                boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)

    if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:

        for i in range(4):
            x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
            y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
            self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
                            boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
                            self.curPiece.shape())

def keyPressEvent(self, event):

    if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
        super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
        return

    key = event.key()

    if key == Qt.Key_P:
        self.pause()
        return

    if self.isPaused:
        return

    elif key == Qt.Key_Left:
        self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)

    elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
        self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)

    elif key == Qt.Key_Down:
        self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)

    elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
        self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)

    elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
        self.dropDown()

    elif key == Qt.Key_D:
        self.oneLineDown()

    else:
        super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)

def timerEvent(self, event):

    if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():

        if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
            self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
            self.newPiece()
        else:
            self.oneLineDown()

    else:
        super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)

def clearBoard(self):

    for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
        self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

def dropDown(self):

    newY = self.curY

    while newY > 0:

        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
            break

        newY -= 1

    self.pieceDropped()

def oneLineDown(self):

    if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
        self.pieceDropped()

def pieceDropped(self):

    for i in range(4):
        x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
        y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
        self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())

    self.removeFullLines()

    if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
        self.newPiece()

def removeFullLines(self):

    numFullLines = 0
    rowsToRemove = []

    for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

        n = 0
        for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
            if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                n = n + 1

        if n == 10:
            rowsToRemove.append(i)

    rowsToRemove.reverse()

    for m in rowsToRemove:

        for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
            for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))

    numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)

    if numFullLines > 0:
        self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
        self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

        self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
        self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
        self.update()

def newPiece(self):

    self.curPiece = Shape()
    self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
    self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
    self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()

    if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
        self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
        self.timer.stop()
        self.isStarted = False
        self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")

def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):

    for i in range(4):

        x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
        y = newY - newPiece.y(i)

        if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
            return False

        if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
            return False

    self.curPiece = newPiece
    self.curX = newX
    self.curY = newY
    self.update()

    return True

def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):

    colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
                  0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]

    color = QColor(colorTable[shape])
    painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
                     self.squareHeight() - 2, color)

    painter.setPen(color.lighter())
    painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
    painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)

    painter.setPen(color.darker())
    painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
                     x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
    painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
                     y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)

class Tetrominoe(object):
NoShape = 0
ZShape = 1
SShape = 2
LineShape = 3
TShape = 4
SquareShape = 5
LShape = 6
MirroredLShape = 7

class Shape(object):
coordsTable = (
((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
)

def __init__(self):

    self.coords = [[0, 0] for i in range(4)]
    self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShape

    self.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

def shape(self):
    return self.pieceShape

def setShape(self, shape):

    table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]

    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(2):
            self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]

    self.pieceShape = shape

def setRandomShape(self):
    self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))

def x(self, index):
    return self.coords[index][0]

def y(self, index):
    return self.coords[index][1]

def setX(self, index, x):
    self.coords[index][0] = x

def setY(self, index, y):
    self.coords[index][1] = y

def minX(self):

    m = self.coords[0][0]
    for i in range(4):
        m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])

    return m

def maxX(self):

    m = self.coords[0][0]
    for i in range(4):
        m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])

    return m

def minY(self):

    m = self.coords[0][1]
    for i in range(4):
        m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])

    return m

def maxY(self):

    m = self.coords[0][1]
    for i in range(4):
        m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])

    return m

def rotateLeft(self):

    if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
        return self

    result = Shape()
    result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

    for i in range(4):
        result.setX(i, self.y(i))
        result.setY(i, -self.x(i))

    return result

def rotateRight(self):

    if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
        return self

    result = Shape()
    result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

    for i in range(4):
        result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
        result.setY(i, self.x(i))

    return result

if name == ‘main’:
app = QApplication([])
tetris = Tetris()
sys.exit(app.exec_())