TensorFlow（一）add_layer

        定义一个(300,1)的列x_data, 同时生成一个y_data, 然后进行预测， 输入-隐藏-输出 三层，训练1000次， 每50次看loss变化， 并把原始数据和预测的数据可视化

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def add_layer(inputs, in_size, out_size, activation_function=None):   #添加一个层
    w = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([in_size, out_size]))   #从正态分布中生成随机值
    b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1, out_size]) + 0.1)
    Wx_plus_b = tf.matmul(inputs, w) + b
    if activation_function is None:
        outputs = Wx_plus_b
    else:
        outputs = activation_function(Wx_plus_b)
    return outputs


#定义一个(300,1)的列x_data, 同时生成一个y_data, 然后进行预测， 输入-隐藏-输出 三层，训练1000次， 每50次看loss变化， 并把原始数据和预测的数据可视化

x_data = np.linspace(-1, 1, 300)[:, np.newaxis] 
print(x_data.shape)
noise = np.random.normal(0, 0.05, x_data.shape)
y_data = np.square(x_data) - 0.5 + noise
print(y_data.shape)

xs = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 1])
ys = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 1])

l1 = add_layer(xs, 1, 10, activation_function=tf.nn.relu)
prediction = add_layer(l1, 10, 1, activation_function=None)

loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(ys-prediction), reduction_indices=[1]))
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)

init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(init)

#画图，把原始数据可视化
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.scatter(x_data, y_data)
plt.ion()       #可以让程序show了之后不暂停，继续往下走，从而形成动态
plt.show()

for i in range(1000):
    sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={xs: x_data, ys: y_data})
    if i % 50 == 0:
        #print(sess.run(loss, feed_dict={xs:x_data, ys:y_data}))
        try:                                                                  #把预测数据可视化，看他们逐渐重合的过程，也是loss逐渐降低的过程
            ax.lines.remove(lines[0])
        except Exception:
            pass
        prediction_value = sess.run(prediction, feed_dict={xs: x_data})         #把预测值赋给prediction_value
        lines = ax.plot(x_data, prediction_value, 'r-', lw=5)       #画一条红线  
        plt.pause(0.1)                          #停顿0.1秒