C++ Premier Plus 6th edition - Programming excercise - Chapter17 - 7

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>// fout
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>// for_each()
using namespace std;

// write to file. use ifstream to input to stream,in which use ofstream to output from
class Store
{
private:
    ofstream& fout;// member
public:
    Store(ofstream& f) :fout(f) {}; // constructor
    void operator()(string & str);
    ~Store() {};
};
// member functions of class Store
void Store::operator()(string & str)
{
    size_t len = str.length();// count of characters in string
    fout.write((char*)& len, sizeof(size_t));// write len to file

    // wanna extract characters from string,but string obj don't store characters by itselt
    // but store a pointer points to heap block, so need to store characters to an array,then
    // use write() to get data from the address of this array which stores characters
    fout.write(str.data(), len);// take len characters from array pointed by str.data(),or use (char*)str.c_str()
    fout << '\n';// seperate each log,more obvious for human
}

// show string obj
void ShowStr(string& str)
{
    cout << str << '\n';
}

void GetStrs(istream& fin, vector<string>& vs)
{
    //fin.read(),don't use this way, can't directly cover,
    // string itself don't contains characters, but a pointer points heap block
    while (!fin.eof())
    {
        // acquir string length
		string strtmp;
        size_t len = 0;
        fin.read((char*)& len, sizeof(size_t));// read sizeof(int) binary data to address of len
        // acquir characters
        char ch;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {
            fin.read((char*)&ch, sizeof(char));// or fin.get(ch);
            strtmp.push_back(ch);
        }
        vs.push_back(strtmp);
        fin.get();// dicard '\n' written by read()
    }
}

int main()
{
    vector<string> vostr;
    string temp;
    // acquire strings
    cout << "Enter strings (empty line to quit):\n";
    while (getline(cin, temp) && temp[0] != '\0')// input newline to stop looping
        vostr.push_back(temp);
    cout << "Here is your input.\n";
    for_each(vostr.begin(), vostr.end(), ShowStr);
    // store in a file
    ofstream fout("strings.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::binary);
    for_each(vostr.begin(), vostr.end(), Store(fout));
    fout.close();
    // recover file contents
    vector<string> vistr;
    ifstream fin("strings.dat", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
    if (!fin.is_open())
    {
        cerr << "Could not open file for input.\n";
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    GetStrs(fin, vistr);
    cout << "\nHere are the strings read from the file:\n";
    for_each(vistr.begin(), vistr.end(), ShowStr);

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}