【无人机】【2017.07】基于生命周期评估的商用无人机（UAV）研究

本文为美国罗切斯特理工学院（作者：Briana Neuberger）的毕业论文，共68页。

本研究的目的是分析无人机（UAV）取代现有技术的潜力，并探讨如何通过建立配送运输模型估计它们对环境的影响。旨在围绕生产和使用无人机的生态视角进行分析，以及理解随之而来的环境后果。本文提出了一种新的无人机使用方法，并尝试将典型生命周期评估（LCA）应用于该方法。这项研究旨在作为无人机技术的初始环境基线，并作为美国商用无人机操作的对比工具；也可以为这个新的行业提供一些洞察政府的政策规定和系统环境报告。

该研究中使用的数据集可以在ecoinvent库中获得，并且将无人机与小型货车进行了比较。其它数据源被用来支撑模型假设，并填补信息空白，以确保数据透明度。本文比较了在三种配送方案中产生的能源消耗、材料强度和排放量。研究发现用于无人机供电的能量对环境的影响最大，而不是电池本身。相比之下，除了城市土地的占用和未开发土地的变化，卡车的影响要小得多，因为它们在道路上而不是在天空中运动。根据公司的优先等级，他们可能认为位置是无人机使用和测试的重要因素。虽然本研究能够填补一些关于无人机生命周期的知识空白，但某些地方的典型LCA结构并不是针对该模型最优的。无人机展现的能力与其它技术没有直接的可比性。当试图评估相应替代技术产生的后果时，这就带来了挑战。

The objective of this study is to analyze the potential for UnmannedAerial Vehicles (UAVs) to displace current technology and look at how theyimpact the environment through a delivery transportation model. It is meant toencompass an ecological perspective of producing and using UAVs as well asunderstand the environmental consequences that accompany it. This paperpresents a new way of looking at the uses of UAVs and attempts to apply typicallife cycle assessment (LCA) methods to this technology. This research isintended to be used as an initial environmental baseline of drone technologyand as a comparative tool for commercial UAV operations in theUnited States.This study may also provide some insight into government policy rulings andsystem environmental reporting for this new industry. Datasets used in thisstudy are available in the ecoinvent library and address small freight lorries comparedto simplified UAV technology. Other data sources are used to support modelassumptions and fill in information gaps to assure data transparency. Thiscompares energy consumption, material intensity, and emissions generated acrossthree delivery scenarios. It was found that the energy used to power drones,not the batteries themselves, has the most impact on the environment.Comparatively, trucks have a far reduced impact with the exception of urbanland occupation and natural land transformation due to their operation on theroad, as opposed to sky. The energy grid mix contributes heavily to whatenvironmental impacts are significant. Depending on the priorities of a companythey may consider location as a large factor for drone use and testing. Althoughthis study is able to complete some knowledge gaps on the life cycle ofUnmanned Aerial Vehicles there are points where typical LCA structure is notoptimal for this model. The capabilities of a drone are not directly comparableto other technology. This presents challenges when trying to assess the consequencesof displacing additional technology.

1 引言

2 历史文献回顾

3 问题概述

4 研究目的

5 研究方法

6 数据搜集

7 SimaPro模型

8 研究结果

9 敏感性分析

10 研究意义与建议

11 未来研究工作展望

12 结论

13 参考文献

14 补充材料

15 致谢

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