【读书2】【2014】基于MATLAB的雷达信号处理基础（第二版）——目标起伏模型(1)

2.2.6. 目标起伏模型

2.2.6. Target Fluctuation Models

在雷达检测算法中，通常不是基于单个脉冲，而是基于一组来自给定分辨率单元的N个非相干脉冲组合测量的决策。

It is common in radardetection algorithms to make a detection decision based not on one, but on aset of N noncoherently combined measurements from a given resolution cell.

这种检测方式最初是起源于地面监视雷达的工作。

One way such a set ofmeasurements can arise, and possibly the original motivation for this model, isbased on the operation of a ground-based surveillance radar.

考虑一副雷达天线以恒定角速度Ω弧度/秒旋转，其方位波束宽度为θ弧度，脉冲重复频率PRF为每秒发射的脉冲数量（赫兹）。

Consider a radar withan antenna that rotates at a constant angular velocity Ω radians per secondwith an azimuth beamwidth of θ radians and a pulse repetition frequency of PRFpulses per second (hertz).

假设目标位于某个特定的位置。

Suppose that a targetis present at a particular location.

几何形式如图2.15a所示。

The geometry is shownin Fig. 2.15a.

Figure 2.15. 多个非相干信号的测量采集场景：（a）非相干雷达的旋转监视天线；（b）相干雷达的多个CPI示意图Sample scenarios for collectionof multiple noncoherently related measurements: (a) rotating surveillance antennawith noncoherent radar, (b) multiple CPIs with a coherent radar.

假设只有当目标位于天线主瓣时才接收到有效的返回回波信号。

Assume thatsignificant returns are received only when the target is in the antennamainlobe.

天线的每一次360°扫描都会产生一组新的N = (θ/Ω)PRF主波束脉冲。

Every complete 360° scanof the antenna results in a new set of N = (θ/Ω)PRF mainbeam pulses containingan echo of the target as the beam scans past.

因此，在进行检测测试之前，将N个连续脉冲中来自同一距离门的测量值进行积累，以提高信噪比是有意义的。

Consequently, itwould seem to make sense to integrate the measurements from the same range binover N successive pulses in an attempt to improve signal-to-noise ratio beforeperforming a detection test.

早期的雷达系统只进行了脉冲之间的非相干积累。

Early radars couldonly do this noncoherently.

注意：这并不是产生一组相关测量数据的唯一方法。

This is not the onlyway a set of related measurements can arise.

许多现代雷达系统的设计目的是以恒定的脉冲重复频率（PRF）发射一组包含M个脉冲的脉冲组，通常天线以固定或接近固定的方向凝视收发，形成一个相干处理间隔（CPI）。

Many modern systemsare designed to transmit a rapid burst of M pulses at a constant PRF, oftenwith the antenna staring in a fixed or nearly fixed direction, forming acoherent processing interval (CPI) of data.

如第4章所示，M个脉冲构成的脉冲组是一种常见的波形，非常适合多普勒测量和干扰抑制。

As will be seen inChap. 4, the M-pulse burst is a common waveform well suited to Dopplermeasurements and interference suppression.

然后雷达可以进行重复测量，在相同的观察方向采集一系列的N个CPI。

The radar may thenrepeat the measurement, collecting a series of N CPIs in the same lookdirection.

连续的CPI可以共享相同的雷达参数，或者，雷达也可以改变PRF、波形或射频（频率捷变）参数。

Successive CPIs mayshare the same radar parameters, or the radar may change the PRF, the waveform,or the RF (frequency agility).

在单个CPI中，来自同一距离门的数据通常是相干累加的，例如，通过相同距离门的相干特性形成多普勒频谱。

The data from thesame range bin within a single CPI are usually combined coherently, forinstance to form a Doppler spectrum for that range bin.

但是，跨CPI的数据积累通常是非相干的。

However, combiningdata across CPIs must generally be done noncoherently.

——本文译自Mark A. Richards所著的《Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing（Second edition）》

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