【matlab】信号的产生和滤波

教学视频链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZW411b7am

知识点：

（1）数字滤波器设计采用角频率，如何实现与实际信号频率的对应？
角频率w，采样频率fs，实际信号频率f的转换关系为：w=2pif/fs

设计FIR滤波器使用的函数

- 滤波器函数：fir1

- 滤波函数：filter

- 频率响应函数：freqz

查看滤波器的频率响应

- 快速傅立叶变换：fft

matlab代码实现：

- 信号产生

%
% b站up主：算法工匠 信号源的产生和滤波1
% firdesign.m
% author:照着抄的 作者是up主。
clear ;
close all;
clc;
 
fc1 = 10;
fc2 = 100;
fc3 = 450;  %三个频率分量
 
fs = 1000;      %采样频率
point_s =  1000; %采样点数
time = [1:point_s]/fs;   %时域抽样时间变量
delta_f = 1*fs/point_s;    %频率分辨率
sin_s1 = 0.5*sin( 2*pi*fc1*time);
sin_s2 = 1.1*sin( 2*pi*fc2*time);
sin_s3 = 0.8*sin( 2*pi*fc3*time);
sin_s = sin_s1 + sin_s2 + sin_s3; %生成及合成信号
fft_s1 = fft(sin_s);
figure(1);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(time,sin_s);
title('原始时域信号');
f = 0:point_s/2-1;
f = f*delta_f;
danbianfudu = 2*abs(fft_s1(1:point_s/2 ));
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f,danbianfudu);
title('频域幅度特性');
 

- 滤波处理

%%%%%%滤波处理
%设计低通滤波器，其上限截止频率为fc = 120Hz
%  wc = fc/(fs/2);
N = 128;    %滤波器阶数
fc = 120;
wc = fc/(fs/2);
fir1_lowpass_filter =  fir1(N,wc);
figure(2);
freqz(fir1_lowpass_filter); %查看幅度特性和相位特性(归一化频率)
title('128阶低通滤波器');
%实现滤波
filter_sin_s1 = filter(fir1_lowpass_filter,1,sin_s);
fft_low_filter = fft(filter_sin_s1);
figure(3);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(time,filter_sin_s1);
title('低通滤波后时域波形');
subplot(2,1,2);
danbianfudu = 2*abs(fft_low_filter(1:point_s/2 ));
plot(f,danbianfudu);
title('低通滤波后的频率幅度特性');
%滤波处理
%设计一个高筒滤波器，截止频率为15Hz
fc = 20 ;
wc = fc/(fs/2); %视频课件中之所以写0.15，是因为这个例子wc=0.15 对应于75Hz也能滤掉75Hz的，我这里取20Hz
fir1_hp_filter = fir1(N,wc,'high');
figure(4);
freqz(fir1_hp_filter);
filter_sin_s2 = filter(fir1_hp_filter,1,sin_s);
fft_high_filter = fft(filter_sin_s2);
figure(5);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(time,filter_sin_s2);
title('高通滤波后的时域波形');
subplot(2,1,2);
danbianfudu = 2*abs(fft_high_filter(1:point_s/2 ));
plot(f,danbianfudu);
title('高通滤波后的频域幅度特性');

- 带通滤波器

%带通滤波器
%只让100Hz的通过
%wc1 = 50/(fs/2);
%wc2 = 400/(fs/2);
fc1 = 50;
fc2 = 400;
wc1 = fc1 /( fs / 2 );
wc2 = fc2 /( fs / 2 );
fir1_band_pass_filter = fir1(N,[wc1 wc2],'bandpass');  %ftype
%
figure(6);
freqz(fir1_band_pass_filter);
%实现滤波
fir1_bp_s1 = filter(fir1_band_pass_filter,1,sin_s);
fft_bp_filter = fft(fir1_bp_s1);
figure(7);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(time ,fir1_bp_s1 );
title('带通滤波器滤波后波形');
subplot(2,1,2);
danbianfudu = 2*abs(fft_bp_filter(1:point_s/2 ));
plot(f,danbianfudu);
title('带通滤波后的频率幅度特性');

- 带阻滤波器

%带阻滤波器
%只不让100Hz的通过
%wc1 = 50/(fs/2);
%wc2 = 400/(fs/2);
fc1 = 50;
fc2 = 400;
wc1 = fc1 /( fs / 2 );
wc2 = fc2 /( fs / 2 );
fir1_band_stop_filter = fir1(N,[wc1 wc2],'stop');  %ftype
%
figure(8);
freqz(fir1_band_stop_filter);
%实现滤波
fir1_bs_s1 = filter(fir1_band_stop_filter,1,sin_s);
fft_bs_filter = fft(fir1_bs_s1);
figure(9);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(time ,fir1_bs_s1 );
title('带阻滤波器滤波后波形');
subplot(2,1,2);
danbianfudu = 2*abs(fft_bs_filter(1:point_s/2 ));
plot(f,danbianfudu);
title('带阻滤波后的频率幅度特性');