PHP课程笔记-基础知识全

课程

本课程为PHP零基础入门，课程来自freeCodeCamp.org，课程链接：PHP Programming Language Tutorial - Full Course

笔记

Writing HTML

PHP can be inserted into body tag of HTML:

<?php
echo "Hello World"; //print out sth
echo "<p>This is my site</p>" //execute in order
?>

Variables

$characterName = "John"; // $ is used to assign variable
$characterAge = 35;
echo "A man called $characterName <br>";
echo "He is $characterAge years old";
$characterName = "Mike";
echo "Another man called $characterName <br>";

Data Types: string, integer, float, boolean, null

PHP string functions: More

echo strtolower($phrase); // lowercase
echo strlen($phrase); // length
echo $phrase[0]; // first letter
$phrase[0] = "B" // modify the first letter to B
echo str_replace("Giraffe", "panda", $phrase);
echo substr($phrase, 8, 3);

math functions:

echo abs(-200);
echo pow(2, 4);
echo sqrt(256);
echo max(2, 20);
echo round(3.7);
echo ceil(3.3);
echo floor(3.4);

Getting input from user

// setup the form
<form action="site.php" method="get">
	Name: <input type="text" name="username">
	<br>
	Age: <input type="number" name="age">
	<input type="sumbit">
</form>
Your name is <?php echo $_GET["username"] ?>
Your age is <?php echo $_GET["age"] ?>

Building a simple calculator

// setup the form
<form action="site.php" method="get">
	<input type="number" name="num1">
	<br>
	<input type="number" name="num2">
	<input type="sumbit">
</form>
Answer: <?php echo $_GET["num1"] + $_GET["num2"]?>

Actually whenever we submit a form, it will appear in the URL.

URL Parameters

store information in the URL:

// /site.php?username=Mike&age=30
// /site.php?username=Dave
echo $_GET["age"];

POST vs GET: show in url or not

<form action="site.php" method="post">
	<input type="password" name="password">
// post: not gonna show up in the url
// pass in information more safely
</form>

Arrays

$friends = array("Kevin",  2, false, "Karen", "Oscar", "Jim");
echo $firends; // ouput: Array
echo $firends[3]; // "Karen"
$friends[2] = 400;
echo $firends[2]; // 400
$friends[6] = "Mary"; // add an element
echo count($friends);

Using Checkboxes

<form action="site.php" method="post">
	Apples: <input type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="apples"><br>
	Oranges: <input type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="oranges"><br>
	Pears: <input type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="pears"><br>
	<input type="submit">
</form>
// Store only the checked values in an ordered array:
<?php
	$fruits = $_post["fruits"];
	echo $fruits[0]; //print out the first fruit that is checked;
?>

Associative Arrays

$grades = array("Jim"=>"A+", "Pam"=>"B-"); //store key, value pairs
$grades["Jim"] = "F"; // change value
echo $grades["Jim"]; // keys should be unique
echo count($grades);

Use with HTML: get user input and access information in an associative array.

<form action="site.php" method="post">
	<input type="text" name="student"><br>
	<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
	$grades = array("Jim"=>"A+", "Pam"=>"B-");
	echo $grades[$_post["student"]]; 
?>

Functions

function sayHi($name, $age){
	echo "Hello $name, you are $age <br>";
}
sayHi("Mike", 40); // calling the function
sayHi("Oscar", 30); // reuse the code

Return Statements

function cube($num){
	return $num * $num * $num; // break out the function too
	echo "Hello";
}
echo cube(4);

If Statements

$isMale = true;
$isTall = true;
if ($isMale && $isTall){
	echo "You are a tall male";
} elseif ($isMale && !$isTall) {
	echo "your are a male but not tall";
} else {
	echo "your are not a tall male";
}

Switch Statements

<?php
switch ($i) {
    case "apple":
        echo "i is apple";
        break; // break us out of the structure
    case "bar":
        echo "i is bar";
        break;
    case "cake":
        echo "i is cake";
        break;
    default:
    	echo "Invalid"; // if none of these cases
}
?>

While Loops

<?php
$x = 1;
while($x <= 5) {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
    $x++;
}
?>

Do while loops: do sth first and then check the while condition

$x = 1;
do {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
    $x++;
} while ($x <= 5);

For Loops

Specifically designed to loop through index.

<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
}
?>

Loops through an array: More

<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");

foreach ($colors as $value) {
  echo "$value <br>";
}
?>

Including HTML

To include a file inside our php file:

// Reuse the same header and footer
<?php include "header.html"?>
<p>Hello</p>
<?php include "footer.html"?>

Include: PHP

<h2><?php echo $title; ?></h2>
<h4><?php echo $author; ?></h4>

Use functionality and variables in another PHP file:

// Reuse the same header and footer
<?php 
	$title = "My First Post";
	$title = "Mike";
	include "article-header.php"; // similar to "import" in python
?>

Classes & Objects

We can create or own custom datatype. A string can only represent a string, a number is only a number. But we can create a “phone”, a “book”…

// create a data type "Book"
<?php 
	class Book {
		var $title;
		var $author;
		var $pages;
	}
	$book1 = new Book; // creating a "Book" called book1, which is an object
	$book1->title = "Harry Potter";
	$book1->author = "JK Rowling";
	$book1->pages = 400; // it's just like we create a string
?>

Constructors

<?php 
	class Book {
		var $title;
		var $author;
		var $pages;
		function __contruct($title, $author, $page) {
		    $this->title = $name;
   			$this->author = $author;
   			$this->page = $page;
		}
	}
	$book1 = new Book("Harry Potter", "JK Rowling", 400);
?>

Object Functions

<?php 
	class Student {
		var $name;
		var $major;
		var $gpa;
		
		function __contruct($name, $major, $gpa) {
	   	 	$this->name = $name;
			$this->major = $author;
			$this->gpa = $gpa;
		}
		
		function hasHonors(){
			if($this->pga >= 3.5){
				return "true";
			}
			return "false";
		}
	}
	$student1 = new Student("Jim", "Business", 3.2);
	$student2 = new Student("Pam", "Art", 3.6);
	echo $student2->hasHonors();
?>