C++三种生成随机数的方法（包含跨平台，随机种子纳秒级，解决了以秒生成随机数可能会重复的问题）

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/jiading/p/11653911.html

#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
#include <time.h>
#include <Windows.h>//按从上到下顺序前两个需要这个头文件所以不能跨平台只能windows
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#include <chrono>//为了生成纳米级的随机数种子具体可自行百度

#define MAX 100
using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

int compute(vector<double> _test) {
    //将传过来的动态数组归一化
    int size = _test.size();
    double sum = 0;
    vector<double> normalzation(size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        sum += _test[i];
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        normalzation[i] = _test[i] / sum;
       // cout << "归一化数组" << normalzation[i] << endl;
    }

    //以高精度计算器值生成随机数种子（windows）
    LARGE_INTEGER nFrequency;
    if (::QueryPerformanceFrequency(&nFrequency)) {
        LARGE_INTEGER nStartCounter;
        ::QueryPerformanceCounter(&nStartCounter);
        ::srand((unsigned)nStartCounter.LowPart);
    }
    unsigned int crand = rand() % MAX;

    //使用C++11的随机数uniform_int_distribution
    unsigned int crand;
    LARGE_INTEGER nFrequency;
    if (::QueryPerformanceFrequency(&nFrequency)) {
        LARGE_INTEGER nStartCounter;
        ::QueryPerformanceCounter(&nStartCounter);
        default_random_engine e(static_cast<unsigned int> ((unsigned)nStartCounter.LowPart));
        uniform_int_distribution<> u(0, MAX);
        crand = u(e);
    }
    crand = rand() % MAX;

    //使用chrono生成随机数种子（跨平台）
    unsigned int crand;
    random_device rd;
    mt19937 mt(rd());//由于rd生成与电脑设备有关，不够随机，
    //故选择随机引擎（默认、线性、梅森、斐波那契）的实现类，
    //将rd的随机结果传入作为种子来生产更随机的数
    uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> u(0, MAX);
    crand = u(mt);
    //cout << "生成的数字：" << crand << endl;

    //返回0-size中随机的一个数，本质上看它在哪个范围,概率越大所占范围越大
    for (int i = 0; i < normalzation.size(); i++) {
        double judge = 0, com = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
            judge += normalzation[j];
        }
        com = MAX * judge;
        //cout << "生成数字所在范围判断:" << com << endl;
        if (crand <= com) {
            return i;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


int main()
{
    int aa = 0, bb = 0, cc = 0;
    vector<double> a = { 0.6,0.8,0.2 };//每个结果所占的概率可灵活更改

    vector<int> res_(a.size());

    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {//执行1000次看结果
        int ret = compute(a);
        cout << i << ":" << ret << endl;
        res_[ret]++;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < res_.size(); i++) {
        cout << "R" << i << ":" << res_[i] << endl;
    }
}