go-net/http

go-net/http

• go-net/http
  • 文章摘要
  • Go创建简单的web服务
  • http包源码分析
    • 端口监听
    • 请求解析
    • 路由分配
    • 响应处理
  • 总结

文章摘要

net/http库的web工作原理大致就是如下四个部分组成了：端口监听、请求解析、路由分配、响应处理。更加代码化的说就是：创建 ServerSocket， 绑定并listen，accept连接，创建go线程服务一个连接。

归纳出流程图如下：

Go创建简单的web服务

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
   
    helloHandler := func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
   
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, world!\n")
    }

    http.HandleFunc("/hello", helloHandler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":9999", nil))
}

http包源码分析

在上面的代码中，起关键作用的函数为http.ListenAndServe，Go就是利用这个方法，实现了web服务中的端口监听、请求解析、路由分配、响应处理四大功能。

端口监听

查看http.ListenAndServe函数的源代码，位于server.go中

// ListenAndServe listens on the TCP network address addr and then calls
// Serve with handler to handle requests on incoming connections.
// Accepted connections are configured to enable TCP keep-alives.
//
// The handler is typically nil, in which case the DefaultServeMux is used.
//
// ListenAndServe always returns a non-nil error.
func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error {
   
	server := &Server{
   Addr: addr, Handler: handler}
	return server.ListenAndServe()
}

查看Server.ListenAndServe

// ListenAndServe listens on the TCP network address srv.Addr and then
// calls Serve to handle requests on incoming connections.
// Accepted connections are configured to enable TCP keep-alives.
//
// If srv.Addr is blank, ":http" is used.
//
// ListenAndServe always returns a non-nil error. After Shutdown or Close,
// the returned error is ErrServerClosed.
func (srv *Server) ListenAndServe() error {
   
	if srv.shuttingDown() {
   
		return ErrServerClosed
	}
	addr := srv.Addr
	if addr == "" {
   
		addr = ":http"
	}
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
	if err != nil {
   
		return err
	}
	return srv.Serve(ln)
}

可以看到，这里使用TCP协议创建了一个服务器，并监听特定的端口。

请求解析

顺应上面的代码，查看srv.Serve(ln)的源代码

// Serve accepts incoming connections on the Listener l, creating a
// new service goroutine for each. The service goroutines read requests and
// then call srv.Handler to reply to them.
//
// HTTP/2 support is only enabled if the Listener returns *tls.Conn
// connections and they were configured with "h2" in the TLS
// Config.NextProtos.
//
// Serve always returns a non-nil error and closes l.
// After Shutdown or Close, the returned error is ErrServerClosed.
func (srv *Server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {
   
	if fn := testHookServerServe; fn != nil {
   
		fn(srv, l) // call hook with unwrapped listener
	}

	origListener := l
	l = &onceCloseListener{
   Listener: l}
	defer l.Close()

	if err := srv.setupHTTP2_Serve(); err != nil {
   
		return err
	}

	if !srv.trackListener(&l, true) {
   
		return ErrServerClosed
	}
	defer srv.trackListener(&l, false)

	baseCtx := context.Background()
	if srv.BaseContext != nil {
   
		baseCtx = srv.BaseContext(origListener)
		if baseCtx == nil {
   
			panic("BaseContext returned a nil context")
		}
	}

	var tempDelay time.Duration // how long to sleep on accept failure

	ctx := context.WithValue(baseCtx, ServerContextKey, srv)
	for {
   
		rw, err := l.Accept()
		if err !=