第五章
调制信号含有两个频率,是多音的FM调制
我们直接上公式:)
u
F
M
(
t
)
=
U
c
m
c
o
s
(
ω
c
t
+
m
f
1
s
i
n
Ω
1
t
+
m
f
2
s
i
n
Ω
2
t
)
u_{FM}(t)=U_{cm}cos(\omega_c t+m_{f1}sin\Omega_1 t+m_{f2}sin\Omega_2 t)
uFM(t)=Ucmcos(ωct+mf1sinΩ1t+mf2sinΩ2t)
其中:
- ω c = 2 π f c = 6.28 × 1 0 8 r a d / s \omega_c=2\pi f_c=6.28\times10^8rad/s ωc=2πfc=6.28×108rad/s
- Ω 1 = 2000 π \Omega_1=2000\pi Ω1=2000π
- Ω 2 = 1000 π \Omega_2=1000\pi Ω2=1000π
而又因为两种频率分量的频偏相同,即频偏公式为:
Δ
f
m
a
x
=
Δ
f
m
a
x
1
=
Δ
f
m
a
x
2
=
m
f
Ω
2
π
=
20
K
H
z
\Delta f_{max}=\Delta f_{max1}=\Delta f_{max2}=\frac{m_f\Omega}{2\pi}=20KHz
Δfmax=Δfmax1=Δfmax2=2πmfΩ=20KHz
因此
m
f
1
=
2
π
×
Δ
f
m
a
x
1
Ω
1
=
20
m_{f1}=\frac{2\pi \times \Delta f_{max1}}{\Omega_1}=20
mf1=Ω12π×Δfmax1=20
m
f
2
=
2
π
×
Δ
f
m
a
x
2
Ω
2
=
40
m_{f2}=\frac{2\pi \times \Delta f_{max2}}{\Omega_2}=40
mf2=Ω22π×Δfmax2=40
代入公式得到FM表达式:
u
F
M
(
t
)
=
5
c
o
s
(
2
π
×
1
0
8
t
+
20
s
i
n
2
π
×
1
0
3
t
+
40
s
i
n
2
π
×
500
t
)
u_{FM}(t)=5cos(2\pi\times10^8t+20sin2\pi\times10^3t+40sin2\pi\times500t)
uFM(t)=5cos(2π×108t+20sin2π×103t+40sin2π×500t)
(1)我们知道FM的原理是,将信号的幅度通过频率表达出来,比如这道题说"unit modulation voltage",意思就是每1V的幅值变化,我通过1KHz的频率变化来表达,那么这道题的转换系数就是
1
K
H
z
/
V
1KHz/V
1KHz/V,即
K
f
=
2
π
×
1
K
H
z
/
V
K_f=2\pi \times1KHz/V
Kf=2π×1KHz/V,而调制信号幅值变化
U
Ω
m
=
0.1
V
U_{\Omega m}=0.1V
UΩm=0.1V
所以最大频偏
Δ
f
m
a
x
=
m
f
f
c
=
m
f
Ω
2
π
=
1
K
H
z
/
V
×
0.1
V
\Delta f_{max}=m_f f_c=\frac{m_f \Omega}{2 \pi}=1KHz/V \times0.1V
Δfmax=mffc=2πmfΩ=1KHz/V×0.1V
然后我们上公式:
Δ
f
m
a
x
=
K
f
U
Ω
m
2
π
=
1
K
H
z
/
V
×
0.1
V
\Delta f_{max}=\frac{K_fU_{\Omega m}}{2\pi}=1KHz/V \times0.1V
Δfmax=2πKfUΩm=1KHz/V×0.1V
m
f
=
0.1
m_f=0.1
mf=0.1
所以带宽可以通过公式求出:
- FM: B F M = 2 ( m f + 1 ) Ω = 2.2 × 1 0 3 H z B_{FM}=2(m_f+1)\Omega=2.2\times10^3Hz BFM=2(mf+1)Ω=2.2×103Hz
- AM: B A M = 2 Ω = 2 K H z B_{AM}=2\Omega=2KHz BAM=2Ω=2KHz
(2)其实套路差不多,就是幅值变了,对于AM,其带宽与调制信号幅度无关(不涉及幅度与频率互换),所以:
B
A
M
=
2
Ω
=
2
K
H
z
B_{AM}=2\Omega=2KHz
BAM=2Ω=2KHz
而FM,套用前面公式:
B
F
M
=
2
(
m
f
+
1
)
Ω
=
2
Δ
′
f
m
a
x
+
2
Ω
=
2
×
20
K
H
z
+
2
×
1
K
H
z
=
42
K
H
z
B_{FM}=2(m_f+1)\Omega=2\Delta'f_{max}+2\Omega=2\times20KHz+2\times 1KHz=42KHz
BFM=2(mf+1)Ω=2Δ′fmax+2Ω=2×20KHz+2×1KHz=42KHz
(1)有前面两题铺垫,这里套公式就好:
Δ
f
m
a
x
=
K
f
U
Ω
m
2
π
=
75
K
H
z
→
K
f
U
Ω
m
=
150
π
×
1
0
3
H
z
→
m
f
=
250
\Delta f_{max}=\frac{K_fU_{\Omega m}}{2\pi}=75KHz\to K_fU_{\Omega m}=150\pi\times10^3Hz\to m_f=250
Δfmax=2πKfUΩm=75KHz→KfUΩm=150π×103Hz→mf=250
B
F
M
=
2
(
m
f
+
1
)
F
=
150.6
K
H
z
B_{FM}=2(m_f+1)F=150.6KHz
BFM=2(mf+1)F=150.6KHz
(2)由于(1)中的
K
f
U
Ω
m
=
150
π
×
1
0
3
H
z
K_fU_{\Omega m}=150\pi\times10^3Hz
KfUΩm=150π×103Hz
m
f
=
25
m_f=25
mf=25
B
F
M
=
2
(
m
f
+
1
)
F
=
156
K
H
z
B_{FM}=2(m_f+1)F=156KHz
BFM=2(mf+1)F=156KHz
(3)
m
f
=
5
m_f=5
mf=5
B
F
M
=
2
(
m
f
+
1
)
F
=
180
K
H
z
B_{FM}=2(m_f+1)F=180KHz
BFM=2(mf+1)F=180KHz
这道题是针对角度调制的,核心是利用调频系数
K
f
K_f
Kf不变的特点,虽然调制系数
m
f
m_f
mf和幅值变化了,还是可以求出来新的调制系数
不过角度调制旗下的调相(PM)和调频(FM)公式不一样 我们分开讨论:)
U Ω m = 2.4 V , U Ω m ′ = 3.2 V , F = 400 H z , F ′ = 250 H z U_{\Omega m}=2.4V, U_{\Omega m}'=3.2V, F=400Hz, F'=250Hz UΩm=2.4V,UΩm′=3.2V,F=400Hz,F′=250Hz
- FM:
m
f
=
K
f
U
Ω
m
2
π
F
m_f=\frac{K_fU_{\Omega m}}{2\pi F}
mf=2πFKfUΩm
m f ′ = K f U Ω m ′ 2 π F ′ m_f'=\frac{K_fU_{\Omega m}'}{2\pi F'} mf′=2πF′KfUΩm′
m f ′ = 128 m_f'=128 mf′=128
- AM:
m
p
=
K
p
U
Ω
m
m_p=K_pU_{\Omega m}
mp=KpUΩm
m p ′ = K p U Ω m ′ m_p'=K_pU_{\Omega m}' mp′=KpUΩm′
m p ′ = 80 m_p'=80 mp′=80
这题补充一下:载波的频率
f
c
f_c
fc以及载波幅值
U
c
m
U_{cm}
Ucm,原始的调制信号幅值
U
Ω
m
(
t
)
U_{\Omega m}(t)
UΩm(t)已知
(1)通过FM解调特性曲线fig5-1,我们可以看到一定范围内的线性的幅频变换,变换系数就是跨导(斜率) k = g d k=g_d k=gd,公式: Δ U = g d ⋅ Δ f → g d = − 0.01 V / K H z \Delta U=g_d·\Delta f\to g_d=-0.01V/KHz ΔU=gd⋅Δf→gd=−0.01V/KHz
(2)通过解调器输出,也就是原函数的公式,我们可以知道:
U
c
m
=
1
V
,
F
=
2
K
H
z
U_{cm}=1V, F=2KHz
Ucm=1V,F=2KHz,这里是单音调制,所以FM调制后信号函数为:
u F M ( t ) = U c m c o s ( 2 π × f c t + m f s i n 2 π F t ) u_{FM}(t)=U_{cm}cos(2\pi\times f_c t+m_fsin2\pi Ft) uFM(t)=Ucmcos(2π×fct+mfsin2πFt)
而通过最大频偏 Δ f m a x = Δ u m a x / g d = m f ⋅ F = − 100 K H z → m f = − 50 \Delta f_{max}=\Delta u_{max}/g_d=m_f·F=-100KHz \to m_f=-50 Δfmax=Δumax/gd=mf⋅F=−100KHz→mf=−50
所以:
u
F
M
(
t
)
=
U
c
m
c
o
s
(
2
π
×
f
c
t
−
50
s
i
n
4
π
×
1
0
3
t
)
u_{FM}(t)=U_{cm}cos(2\pi\times f_c t-50sin4\pi \times 10^3t)
uFM(t)=Ucmcos(2π×fct−50sin4π×103t)
u
Ω
m
(
t
)
=
−
U
Ω
m
c
o
s
(
4
π
×
1
0
3
t
)
u_{\Omega m}(t)=-U_{\Omega m}cos(4\pi\times10^3t)
uΩm(t)=−UΩmcos(4π×103t)