socket编程:TCP与UDP

1. TCP与UDP的优缺点

• TCP面向连接；UDP无连接
• TCP有序、可靠；UDP不可靠、数据包无序且可能丢失
• TCP自动将数据拆包且进行流量控制；UDP需要手动拆包，手动发送数据，手动进行流量控制
• TCP是点对点；UDP支持一对一、一对多、多对一、多对多的通信
• TCP对系统资源要求高；UDP对系统资源要求少
• TCP工作效率比UDP低，UDP具有较好的实时性

2. TCP与UDP在游戏中的应用场景

TCP：可以容忍延迟并且有很好的屏蔽延迟的设计，如纸牌类和MMO
UDP：不能容忍延迟，如DOTA类和动作类

3. TCP与UDP代码实现
只实现了基本收发功能，没有进行合理性分析，TCP有客户端和服务器之分，UDP则没有但考虑到区分代码中还是将其分为了客户端和服务器。
TCP

namespace socket_TCP
{
    class Program
    {
        static Socket TcpServer;
        static Socket connection;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TcpServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(address, 8005);
            TcpServer.Bind(point);


            TcpServer.Listen(10);
            Console.WriteLine("TCP服务器已启动-------");

            //开启一个新线程，用于等待客户端连接
            Thread threadwatch = new Thread(watchconnecting);
            //将窗体线程设置为与后台同步，随着主线程结束而结束  
            threadwatch.IsBackground = true;
            threadwatch.Start();//启动线程     
        }

        //服务器等待客户端的连接
        public static void watchconnecting()
        {
            connection = TcpServer.Accept();//程序执行到Accept方法时会被阻塞，直到接收到客户端的连接请求，才执行下一句
            Console.WriteLine(connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "连接成功！");

            //开启一个新线程，用于接受消息
            Thread threadrec = new Thread(recData);
            threadrec.IsBackground = true;
            threadrec.Start();
        }

        //服务器接受客户端发来的消息
        public static void recData(object c)
        {
            try
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len = connection.Receive(buffer,buffer.Length,0);
                    if (len == 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
                        Console.WriteLine(connection.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }
        }

        //服务器向客户端发送消息
        public static void sendData(string str)
        {
            byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            TcpServer.Send(data);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;


namespace socket_TCPclient
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        Socket TcpClient;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            TcpClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(address,8005);
            TcpClient.Connect(point);

            Thread td = new Thread(recData);
            td.IsBackground = true;
            td.Start();
        }

        private void recData()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                byte[] temp = new byte[1024];
                int len = TcpClient.Receive(temp);
                if (len == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(temp);
                    textBox2.Text = str;
                }
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (textBox1.Text == null || textBox1.Text == "")
            {
                MessageBox.Show("发送消息为空");
            }
            else
            {
                byte[] sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(textBox1.Text);
                TcpClient.Send(sendData);
            }
        }


    }
}

UDP

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace socket_UDPServer
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Socket socketServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
            IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(address, 8050);
            socketServer.Bind(point);
            Console.WriteLine("等待客户端数据-------");

            while (true)
            {
                EndPoint remotepoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,0);
                byte[] dataRec = new byte[1024];
                int len = socketServer.ReceiveFrom(dataRec,ref remotepoint);
                string temp = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dataRec);
                Console.WriteLine(temp);
            }
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace socket_UDPClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Socket UDPClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Dgram,ProtocolType.Udp);
            IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(address, 8050);
            Console.WriteLine("请输入发送信息------");
            string temp = Console.ReadLine();
            byte[] sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(temp);
            UDPClient.SendTo(sendData,sendData.Length,SocketFlags.None,point);
            UDPClient.Close();
        }
    }
}