Docker 从入门到放弃（三）：一切从 hello world 开始

命令：docker run hello-world

docker 安装完毕后，运行第一个镜像 hello-world

docker run hello-world

运行结果：

[root@server01 docker]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

命令运行结果分析：

1、加载本地镜像（该命令首先会查找本地的 hello-world 镜像）

# 首先在本地查找'hello-world:latest'镜像
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

2、要加载的对象本地没找到的话，就会去仓库找

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

3、运行

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

4、运行原理

• 首先，我们在 docker 客户端（命令行终端窗口），执行 docker 命令；
• 客户端会去访问我们 docker 所在的那台服务器主机，实质而言主机上有一个Docker daemon主线程，它会监听到客户端的docker 命令，它会 run 容器（Container），而容器又是通过镜像生成的。如果没有 hello-world 容器，它就会在本地查找 hello-world 镜像，如果本地找到了就会直接生成一个 hello-world 容器，否则，会从仓库拉取相应的镜像；
• 从仓库上拉取 hello-world 镜像到本地，再生成容器，进而运行，如果仓库中没有这个镜像，返回失败错误，查找不到该镜像；

5、docker 容器运行结束

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
 
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
 
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/
 
For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

输出以上这段提示以后，hello-world 就会停止运行，容器自动终止。