yolov5训练自己的数据集

一、声明

本文仅作为记录学习的过程，当作个人笔记，文中内容全部为摘抄借鉴，附参考链接

(2条消息) Yolov5训练自己的数据集（详细完整版）_缔宇diyu的博客-CSDN博客_yolov5训练自己的数据集

这位大佬清晰的介绍了yolov5的训练过程，借鉴此大佬的文章记录一下学习过程

二、数据集的准备

        VOC格式数据集主要有两个文件夹，和一个文件，一个为存放图片的文件夹，另外一个为存放xml格式的标注文件夹，还有一个存放类别信息的txt文件，将官方GitHub下载到的yolov5源码使用pycharm打开，根目录下创建一个文件夹用来存放数据集，此处命名为VOCData，将图片文件和标注文件放入到该目录下，并将图片文件夹命名为images，标注文件夹命名为Annotation（注意：文件夹的名字一定不要有错，因为给出的代码中已经写好固定的文件夹名称，为了简便操作，文件夹的名称尽量与作者一致。），如图所示，创建几个py文件。

split_train_val.py（不需要修改）

# coding:utf-8

import os
import random
import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
#xml文件的地址，根据自己的数据进行修改 xml一般存放在Annotations下
parser.add_argument('--xml_path', default='Annotations', type=str, help='input xml label path')
#数据集的划分，地址选择自己数据下的ImageSets/Main
parser.add_argument('--txt_path', default='ImageSets/Main', type=str, help='output txt label path')
opt = parser.parse_args()

trainval_percent = 1.0  # 训练集和验证集所占比例。 这里没有划分测试集
train_percent = 0.9     # 训练集所占比例，可自己进行调整
xmlfilepath = opt.xml_path
txtsavepath = opt.txt_path
total_xml = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)
if not os.path.exists(txtsavepath):
    os.makedirs(txtsavepath)

num = len(total_xml)
list_index = range(num)
tv = int(num * trainval_percent)
tr = int(tv * train_percent)
trainval = random.sample(list_index, tv)
train = random.sample(trainval, tr)

file_trainval = open(txtsavepath + '/trainval.txt', 'w')
file_test = open(txtsavepath + '/test.txt', 'w')
file_train = open(txtsavepath + '/train.txt', 'w')
file_val = open(txtsavepath + '/val.txt', 'w')

for i in list_index:
    name = total_xml[i][:-4] + '\n'
    if i in trainval:
        file_trainval.write(name)
        if i in train:
            file_train.write(name)
        else:
            file_val.write(name)
    else:
        file_test.write(name)

file_trainval.close()
file_train.close()
file_val.close()
file_test.close()

 text_to_yolo.py 

需要将第 7 行改成自己所标注的类别 以及 代码中各文件绝对路径

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
from os import getcwd

sets = ['train', 'val', 'test']
classes = ["light", "post"]   # 改成自己的类别
abs_path = os.getcwd()
print(abs_path)

def convert(size, box):
    dw = 1. / (size[0])
    dh = 1. / (size[1])
    x = (box[0] + box[1]) / 2.0 - 1
    y = (box[2] + box[3]) / 2.0 - 1
    w = box[1] - box[0]
    h = box[3] - box[2]
    x = x * dw
    w = w * dw
    y = y * dh
    h = h * dh
    return x, y, w, h

def convert_annotation(image_id):
    in_file = open('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/Annotations/%s.xml' % (image_id), encoding='UTF-8')
    out_file = open('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/labels/%s.txt' % (image_id), 'w')
    tree = ET.parse(in_file)
    root = tree.getroot()
    size = root.find('size')
    w = int(size.find('width').text)
    h = int(size.find('height').text)
    for obj in root.iter('object'):
        difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
        #difficult = obj.find('Difficult').text
        cls = obj.find('name').text
        if cls not in classes or int(difficult) == 1:
            continue
        cls_id = classes.index(cls)
        xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
        b = (float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text), float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text), float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text),
             float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text))
        b1, b2, b3, b4 = b
        # 标注越界修正
        if b2 > w:
            b2 = w
        if b4 > h:
            b4 = h
        b = (b1, b2, b3, b4)
        bb = convert((w, h), b)
        out_file.write(str(cls_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in bb]) + '\n')

wd = getcwd()
for image_set in sets:
    if not os.path.exists('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/labels/'):
        os.makedirs('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/labels/')
    image_ids = open('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/ImageSets/Main/%s.txt' % (image_set)).read().strip().split()
   
    if not os.path.exists('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/dataSet_path/'):
        os.makedirs('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/dataSet_path/')
     
    list_file = open('dataSet_path/%s.txt' % (image_set), 'w')
    # 这行路径不需更改，这是相对路径
    for image_id in image_ids:
        list_file.write('D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/images/%s.jpg\n' % (image_id))
        convert_annotation(image_id)
    list_file.close()

kmeans.py 程序如下：这不需要运行，也不需要更改

import numpy as np

def iou(box, clusters):
    """
    Calculates the Intersection over Union (IoU) between a box and k clusters.
    :param box: tuple or array, shifted to the origin (i. e. width and height)
    :param clusters: numpy array of shape (k, 2) where k is the number of clusters
    :return: numpy array of shape (k, 0) where k is the number of clusters
    """
    x = np.minimum(clusters[:, 0], box[0])
    y = np.minimum(clusters[:, 1], box[1])
    if np.count_nonzero(x == 0) > 0 or np.count_nonzero(y == 0) > 0:
        raise ValueError("Box has no area")    # 如果报这个错，可以把这行改成pass即可

    intersection = x * y
    box_area = box[0] * box[1]
    cluster_area = clusters[:, 0] * clusters[:, 1]

    iou_ = intersection / (box_area + cluster_area - intersection)

    return iou_

def avg_iou(boxes, clusters):
    """
    Calculates the average Intersection over Union (IoU) between a numpy array of boxes and k clusters.
    :param boxes: numpy array of shape (r, 2), where r is the number of rows
    :param clusters: numpy array of shape (k, 2) where k is the number of clusters
    :return: average IoU as a single float
    """
    return np.mean([np.max(iou(boxes[i], clusters)) for i in range(boxes.shape[0])])

def translate_boxes(boxes):
    """
    Translates all the boxes to the origin.
    :param boxes: numpy array of shape (r, 4)
    :return: numpy array of shape (r, 2)
    """
    new_boxes = boxes.copy()
    for row in range(new_boxes.shape[0]):
        new_boxes[row][2] = np.abs(new_boxes[row][2] - new_boxes[row][0])
        new_boxes[row][3] = np.abs(new_boxes[row][3] - new_boxes[row][1])
    return np.delete(new_boxes, [0, 1], axis=1)


def kmeans(boxes, k, dist=np.median):
    """
    Calculates k-means clustering with the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric.
    :param boxes: numpy array of shape (r, 2), where r is the number of rows
    :param k: number of clusters
    :param dist: distance function
    :return: numpy array of shape (k, 2)
    """
    rows = boxes.shape[0]

    distances = np.empty((rows, k))
    last_clusters = np.zeros((rows,))

    np.random.seed()

    # the Forgy method will fail if the whole array contains the same rows
    clusters = boxes[np.random.choice(rows, k, replace=False)]

    while True:
        for row in range(rows):
            distances[row] = 1 - iou(boxes[row], clusters)

        nearest_clusters = np.argmin(distances, axis=1)

        if (last_clusters == nearest_clusters).all():
            break

        for cluster in range(k):
            clusters[cluster] = dist(boxes[nearest_clusters == cluster], axis=0)

        last_clusters = nearest_clusters

    return clusters

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 7, 6, 8]])
    print(translate_boxes(a))

clauculate_anchors.py

会调用 kmeans.py 聚类生成新anchors的文件

程序如下：

需要更改第 9 、13行文件路径 以及 第 16 行标注类别名称

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 根据标签文件求先验框

import os
import numpy as np
import xml.etree.cElementTree as et
from kmeans import kmeans, avg_iou

FILE_ROOT = "D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/"     # 根路径
ANNOTATION_ROOT = "Annotations"   # 数据集标签文件夹路径
ANNOTATION_PATH = FILE_ROOT + ANNOTATION_ROOT

ANCHORS_TXT_PATH = "D:/Yolov5/yolov5/VOCData/anchors.txt"   #anchors文件保存位置

CLUSTERS = 9
CLASS_NAMES = ['light', 'post']   #类别名称

def load_data(anno_dir, class_names):
    xml_names = os.listdir(anno_dir)
    boxes = []
    for xml_name in xml_names:
        xml_pth = os.path.join(anno_dir, xml_name)
        tree = et.parse(xml_pth)

        width = float(tree.findtext("./size/width"))
        height = float(tree.findtext("./size/height"))

        for obj in tree.findall("./object"):
            cls_name = obj.findtext("name")
            if cls_name in class_names:
                xmin = float(obj.findtext("bndbox/xmin")) / width
                ymin = float(obj.findtext("bndbox/ymin")) / height
                xmax = float(obj.findtext("bndbox/xmax")) / width
                ymax = float(obj.findtext("bndbox/ymax")) / height

                box = [xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin]
                boxes.append(box)
            else:
                continue
    return np.array(boxes)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    anchors_txt = open(ANCHORS_TXT_PATH, "w")

    train_boxes = load_data(ANNOTATION_PATH, CLASS_NAMES)
    count = 1
    best_accuracy = 0
    best_anchors = []
    best_ratios = []

    for i in range(10):      ##### 可以修改，不要太大，否则时间很长
        anchors_tmp = []
        clusters = kmeans(train_boxes, k=CLUSTERS)
        idx = clusters[:, 0].argsort()
        clusters = clusters[idx]
        # print(clusters)

        for j in range(CLUSTERS):
            anchor = [round(clusters[j][0] * 640, 2), round(clusters[j][1] * 640, 2)]
            anchors_tmp.append(anchor)
            print(f"Anchors:{anchor}")

        temp_accuracy = avg_iou(train_boxes, clusters) * 100
        print("Train_Accuracy:{:.2f}%".format(temp_accuracy))

        ratios = np.around(clusters[:, 0] / clusters[:, 1], decimals=2).tolist()
        ratios.sort()
        print("Ratios:{}".format(ratios))
        print(20 * "*" + " {} ".format(count) + 20 * "*")

        count += 1

        if temp_accuracy > best_accuracy:
            best_accuracy = temp_accuracy
            best_anchors = anchors_tmp
            best_ratios = ratios

    anchors_txt.write("Best Accuracy = " + str(round(best_accuracy, 2)) + '%' + "\r\n")
    anchors_txt.write("Best Anchors = " + str(best_anchors) + "\r\n")
    anchors_txt.write("Best Ratios = " + str(best_ratios))
    anchors_txt.close()

运行 split_train_val.py

运行完毕后 会生成 ImagesSets\Main 文件夹，且在其下生成 测试集、训练集、验证集，存放图片的名字（无后缀.jpg）

我们的类别文件往往为txt文件这种格式

 当类别较多时，为了方便转换成列表，可以创建一个py函数

readtext.py

file=open('classes.txt',encoding='UTF-8')
dataMat=[]
for line in file.readlines():
    curLine=line.replace('\n', '')
    dataMat.append(curLine)
print('dataMat:',dataMat)
print(len(dataMat))

复制输出结果即可。

运行text_to_yolo.py 

运行后会生成如下 labels 文件夹和 dataSet_path 文件夹。

其中 labels 中为不同图像的标注文件。每个图像对应一个txt文件，文件每一行为一个目标的信息，包括class, x_center, y_center, width, height格式，这种即为 yolo_txt格式
 

3.配置文件

在 yolov5 目录下的 data 文件夹下 新建一个 myvoc.yaml文件（可以自定义命名），用记事本打开。

内容是：训练集以及验证集（train.txt和val.txt）绝对路径（通过 text_to_yolo.py 生成），然后是目标的类别数目和类别名称。

运行 clauculate_anchors.py 

会生成anchors文件。如果生成文件为空，重新运行即可。

第二行 Best Anchors 后面需要用到。

使用记事本打开 yolov5s.yaml。

修改两个参数。

把 nc 改成自己的标注类别数

修改anchors，根据 anchors.txt 中的 Best Anchors 修改，需要取整（四舍五入、向上、向下都可以）。

保持yaml中的anchors格式不变，按顺序一对一即可。
 

点击开始训练，参数改为自己的配置文件