Docker基础一篇博客就足够了

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version		#显示版本信息
docker info			#显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令  --help 	#帮助命令

帮助文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        8 months ago  

#解释
REPOSITORY	镜像的仓库源
TAG			镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的id
CREATED 	镜像的创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

#可选项
-a, --all		#列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet		#只显示镜像的id
dock search
[root@master ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9949                [OK]                
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3640                [OK]                
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   725                                     [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   508                 [OK]                
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   83                                      
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   75                                      
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   61                                      [OK]

#可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000   #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@master ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9949                [OK]                
mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3640                [OK]                
docker pull
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@master ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest				#如果不写tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
d121f8d1c412: Pull complete 
f3cebc0b4691: Pull complete 
1862755a0b37: Pull complete 			#分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
489b44f3dbb4: Pull complete 
690874f836db: Pull complete 
baa8be383ffb: Pull complete 
55356608b4ac: Pull complete 
dd35ceccb6eb: Pull complete 
429b35712b19: Pull complete 
162d8291095c: Pull complete 
5e500ef7181b: Pull complete 
af7528e958b6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e1bfe11693ed2052cb3b4e5fa356c65381129e87e38551c6cd6ec532ebe0e808	#签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest			#真实地址

#等价于它
docker pull mysql 
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定下载版本
[root@master ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7

docker rmi

#删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f bf756fb1ae65
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:4cf9c47f86df71d48364001ede3a4fcd85ae80ce02ebad74156906caff5378bc
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b


#删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id							#删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id 容器id 		#删除多个镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)			 #删除所有镜像	

容器命令

说明:有了镜像才能创建容器,linux,下载一个Centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [options] image

#参数说明
--name="Name"	容器名字	tomcat01	tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d				后台方式运行
-it				使用交互式方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器的端口	-p  8080:8080
	-p id:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P				随机指定端口


#测试并进入容器
[root@master ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@9f934a1bb11d /]# ls	#	查看容器内的centos,容器centos是一个简单的系统,命令是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var


# 退出docker创建的centos容器,退回到主机
[root@58e9bbbb55a7 /]# exit
exit
[root@master /]# ls		# 物理机的centos /目录
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有运行的主机
#docker ps 命令
		# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a		# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	# 显示最近创建的容器
-q		# 只显示容器的编号

[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@master /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
58e9bbbb55a7        centos              "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                       tender_leakey
2d4b11737733        centos              "/bin/hashhash"          5 minutes ago       Created                                        pedantic_ride
9f934a1bb11d        centos              "/bin/bash"              7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       wonderful_banach
3da276cf59b3        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         keen_austin
082e29203f85        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"                 33 hours ago        Exited (0) 33 hours ago                        inspiring_payne
退出容器
exit		# 直接停止并退出容器
Ctrl + P + Q# 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id					# 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)	 # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm# 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id			# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id			# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id			# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id			# 强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@master ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了

# 常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立即停止,就是没有程序了

[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED  
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@master ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true:do echo wangminshunn;sleep 1;done"


[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE     
0a924a22466b        centos  

# 显示日志
-tf				# 显示日志
--tail number 	# 要显示日志条数
[root@master ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 0a924a22466b
容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@master ~]# docker top 0a924a22466b
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3742                3723                0                   23:04  
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
[root@master ~]# docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker inspect 0a924a22466b
[
    {
        "Id": "0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c",
        "Created": "2020-09-12T15:04:15.580371969Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3742,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-09-12T15:04:15.991291953Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c-json.log",
        "Name": "/elated_curie",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2316d37c2409c2b61d287dfd0ae4b76668e645c3607e4a0346296c64b71a321a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "0a924a22466b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c6e3e78efab0370b710819c391a105dbb2ee055821001c9aab1f0381cedf8742",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c6e3e78efab0",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "93d47f0dd7f19904eacdd609cf28d1d5bbd3d081d529a4dda68ce4fa129b7654",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "26fc49f3c8bbe5f24191a260bc20c2f8556dca376edb73237f9a46e72943631d",
                    "EndpointID": "93d47f0dd7f19904eacdd609cf28d1d5bbd3d081d529a4dda68ce4fa129b7654",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常进入容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0a924a22466b        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes                            elated_curie
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it 0a924a22466b /bin/bash
[root@0a924a22466b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@0a924a22466b /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 15:04 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         14      0  0 15:13 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         29     14  0 15:13 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker attach 0a924a22466b 
正在执行当前的代码......

# docker exec		# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id 容器内路径:目的主机路径

# 查看当前主机目录下的文件
[root@master ~]# cd /home
[root@master home]# clear
[root@master home]# ls
hadoop  linux  vbirdgroup  vbirduser2  vbirduser3  vbirduser4  vbirduser5
[root@master home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0a924a22466b        centos              "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                           elated_curie

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@master home]# docker attach 0a924a22466b
[root@0a924a22466b /]# cd /home 
[root@0a924a22466b home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@0a924a22466b home]# touch test.py
[root@0a924a22466b home]# exit
exit
[root@master home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@master home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
0a924a22466b        centos              "/bin/bash"              15 minutes ago      Exited (0) 9 seconds ago                        elated_curie
3e8bf0b7f43e        centos              "/bin/bash"              22 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                       infallible_maxwell
c0ba7a28d5d2        centos              "/bin/bash"              33 minutes ago      Exited (0) 22 minutes ago                       elegant_hermann
3da276cf59b3        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                          keen_austin
082e29203f85        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"                 34 hours ago        Exited (0) 34 hours ago                         inspiring_payne

# 将这个文件拷贝到物理机上
[root@master home]# docker cp 0a924a22466b:/home/test.py /home
[root@master home]# ls
hadoop  linux  test.py  vbirdgroup  vbirduser2  vbirduser3  vbirduser4  vbirduser5

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动化拷贝

在这里插入图片描述

注:以上内容来自遇见狂神说视频笔记
链接:遇见狂神说

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