Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version #显示版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
帮助文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
docker images
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 8 months ago
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的id
dock search
[root@master ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9949 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3640 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 725 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 508 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 83
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 75
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 61 [OK]
#可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@master ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9949 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3640 [OK]
docker pull
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@master ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
d121f8d1c412: Pull complete
f3cebc0b4691: Pull complete
1862755a0b37: Pull complete #分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
489b44f3dbb4: Pull complete
690874f836db: Pull complete
baa8be383ffb: Pull complete
55356608b4ac: Pull complete
dd35ceccb6eb: Pull complete
429b35712b19: Pull complete
162d8291095c: Pull complete
5e500ef7181b: Pull complete
af7528e958b6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e1bfe11693ed2052cb3b4e5fa356c65381129e87e38551c6cd6ec532ebe0e808 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定下载版本
[root@master ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
docker rmi
#删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f bf756fb1ae65
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:4cf9c47f86df71d48364001ede3a4fcd85ae80ce02ebad74156906caff5378bc
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
#删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除多个镜像
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) #删除所有镜像
容器命令
说明:有了镜像才能创建容器,linux,下载一个Centos镜像来学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [options] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互式方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p id:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
#测试并进入容器
[root@master ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@9f934a1bb11d /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,容器centos是一个简单的系统,命令是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 退出docker创建的centos容器,退回到主机
[root@58e9bbbb55a7 /]# exit
exit
[root@master /]# ls # 物理机的centos /目录
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
列出所有运行的主机
#docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
58e9bbbb55a7 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago tender_leakey
2d4b11737733 centos "/bin/hashhash" 5 minutes ago Created pedantic_ride
9f934a1bb11d centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago wonderful_banach
3da276cf59b3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago keen_austin
082e29203f85 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 33 hours ago Exited (0) 33 hours ago inspiring_payne
退出容器
exit # 直接停止并退出容器
Ctrl + P + Q# 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm# 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@master ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立即停止,就是没有程序了
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@master ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true:do echo wangminshunn;sleep 1;done"
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
0a924a22466b centos
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数
[root@master ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 0a924a22466b
容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@master ~]# docker top 0a924a22466b
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3742 3723 0 23:04
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
[root@master ~]# docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker inspect 0a924a22466b
[
{
"Id": "0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c",
"Created": "2020-09-12T15:04:15.580371969Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3742,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-09-12T15:04:15.991291953Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c/0a924a22466ba92e820b2de76b3b6217e280b2a1859cb6cdf0f92e54683aa21c-json.log",
"Name": "/elated_curie",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2316d37c2409c2b61d287dfd0ae4b76668e645c3607e4a0346296c64b71a321a/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bfb9fe7eddbff557ef88068f32e81d1f0372d9c3d1bbbf74f5c019763f69002/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "0a924a22466b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "c6e3e78efab0370b710819c391a105dbb2ee055821001c9aab1f0381cedf8742",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c6e3e78efab0",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "93d47f0dd7f19904eacdd609cf28d1d5bbd3d081d529a4dda68ce4fa129b7654",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "26fc49f3c8bbe5f24191a260bc20c2f8556dca376edb73237f9a46e72943631d",
"EndpointID": "93d47f0dd7f19904eacdd609cf28d1d5bbd3d081d529a4dda68ce4fa129b7654",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常进入容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a924a22466b centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes elated_curie
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it 0a924a22466b /bin/bash
[root@0a924a22466b /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@0a924a22466b /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 15:04 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 14 0 0 15:13 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 14 0 15:13 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@master ~]# docker attach 0a924a22466b
正在执行当前的代码......
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id 容器内路径:目的主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录下的文件
[root@master ~]# cd /home
[root@master home]# clear
[root@master home]# ls
hadoop linux vbirdgroup vbirduser2 vbirduser3 vbirduser4 vbirduser5
[root@master home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a924a22466b centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes elated_curie
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@master home]# docker attach 0a924a22466b
[root@0a924a22466b /]# cd /home
[root@0a924a22466b home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@0a924a22466b home]# touch test.py
[root@0a924a22466b home]# exit
exit
[root@master home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a924a22466b centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago elated_curie
3e8bf0b7f43e centos "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago infallible_maxwell
c0ba7a28d5d2 centos "/bin/bash" 33 minutes ago Exited (0) 22 minutes ago elegant_hermann
3da276cf59b3 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago keen_austin
082e29203f85 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 34 hours ago Exited (0) 34 hours ago inspiring_payne
# 将这个文件拷贝到物理机上
[root@master home]# docker cp 0a924a22466b:/home/test.py /home
[root@master home]# ls
hadoop linux test.py vbirdgroup vbirduser2 vbirduser3 vbirduser4 vbirduser5
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动化拷贝
注:以上内容来自遇见狂神说视频笔记
链接:遇见狂神说