ES6-18异步的开端-promise
ES6-19 promise的使用方法和自定义promisify
- try catch只能捕获同步异常,不能捕获异步的
- 等待所有异步都执行完,打印结果,比较笨拙的方法,在每个异步操作加
arr.length === 3 && show(arr)
Promise是构造函数
-
原型上的方法then、catch、finally
-
其余都在构造函数上:all、race、reject、resolve
-
实例化的参数executor是一个函数
-
executor里的代码是同步的
-
executor接收2个参数resolve、reject,这2个回调函数是异步的
-
执行顺序同步>resolve(异步微任务)>setTimeout(异步宏任务)
Promise对象实现的 Ajax
const getJSON = function (url) {
const promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const handler = function () {
console.log('client实例', this)
if (this.readyState !== 4) {
return;
}
if (this.status === 200) {
resolve(this.response);
} else {
reject(new Error(this.status));
}
};
const client = new XMLHttpRequest();
client.open("GET", url);
client.onreadystatechange = handler;
client.responseType = "json";
client.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
client.send();
});
return promise;
};
getJSON("/posts.json").then(function (json) {
console.log('Contents: ' + json);
}, function (error) {
console.log('请求状态码', error); // 请求状态码 Error: 404
});
链式调用
- 每次.then返回的是一个新的Promise实例,在下一个.then接收
返回值是Promise时
const p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
console.log('p1', new Date()) // p1 Sun Jul 25 2021 15:33:01 GMT+0800 (台北标准时间)
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('10s后p1-resolved', new Date()) // 10s后p1-resolved Sun Jul 25 2021 15:33:11 GMT+0800 (台北标准时间)
reject(new Error('fail'))
}, 10000)
})
const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
console.log('p2', new Date()) // p1 Sun Jul 25 2021 15:33:01 GMT+0800 (台北标准时间)
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('1s后p2-resolved', new Date(), p1) // 1s后p2-resolved Sun Jul 25 2021 15:33:02 GMT+0800 (台北标准时间)
resolve(p1)
}, 1000)
})
p2
.then(result => console.log(result))
.catch(error => console.log('err', error)) // err Error: fail
异步代码
- 分为宏任务(宏任务队列)、微任务(微任务队列)
- 除了resolve、reject和node的process.nextTick是微任务,其他是宏任务?
- 事件循环、轮询
const { log } = console
// 一开始的微任务队列 q1
Promise.resolve().then(() => {
log('promise1')
setTimeout(() => { // 进入q2
log('st2')
})
})
// 一开始的宏任务队列 q2
setTimeout(() => {
log('st1')
Promise.resolve().then(() => {
log('promise2')
})
})
// promise1
// st1
// promise2
// st2
executor报错
- 会吃掉状态固化以后,executor代码的错误
const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(1)
console.log(a) // 报错 但是外部不体现
})
p.then((data) => {
console.log(data)//1
})
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(2);
console.log('P2同步');
}).then(r => {
console.log(r);//2
});
// P2同步
// 1
// 2
const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(a) // 这样报错外部就会体现了
// ReferenceError: a is not defined
})
p.then((data) => {
console.log(data)
})
构造器上方法
- 参数是有iterator接口的数据结构
all
- 都成功,返回都成功的结果,在.then里能拿到这个数组
- 若有一出错,在.catch里拿到第一个失败的?
race
- 无论成功还是失败,返回第一个成功or失败的Promise
thenable
let obj = {
then: function (resolve, reject) {
resolve(1)
}
}
let p = Promise.resolve(obj) // 转成promise对象
p.then((val) => {
console.log(val) // 1
})
// reject怎么做
promisify
- 手写promisify
const fs = require('fs')
function readFile(path) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile(path, 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
if (err) {
reject(new Error(err))
} else {
resolve(data)
}
})
})
}
readFile('first.txt').then((data) => {
return readFile(data)
}).then((data) => {
return readFile(data)
}).then((data) => {
console.log(data)
})
- 使用node提供的工具类方法
const fs = require('fs')
function promisify(func) {
return function (...args) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
func(...args, (err, data) => {
if (err) {
reject(new Error(err))
} else {
resolve(data)
}
})
})
}
}
let readFile = promisify(fs.readFile)
readFile('first.txt', 'utf-8')
.then(data =>readFile(data, 'utf-8'))
.then(data =>readFile(data, 'utf-8'))
.then(data => console.log(data))
const fs = require('fs')
const util = require('util')
let readFile = util.promisify(fs.readFile)
readFile('first.txt', 'utf-8')
.then(data =>readFile(data, 'utf-8'))
.then(data =>readFile(data, 'utf-8'))
.then(data => console.log(data))
- 将fs上的所有方法都promisify
function promisifyAll(obj) {
for (let [key, fn] of Object.entries(obj)) {
if (typeof fn === 'function') {
obj[key + 'Async'] = promisify(fn)
}
}
}
promisifyAll(fs)
function promisify(func) {
return function (...args) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
func(...args, (err, data) => {
if (err) {
reject(new Error(err))
} else {
resolve(data)
}
})
})
}
}
let readFile = fs.readFileAsync