Python logging模块用法

1、官方文档

链接：https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/howto/logging.html#

2、基本使用

import logging #加载模块
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) #设置logging输出级别
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) #获取一个logger对象
logger.debug('This message should go to the log file')
logger.info('So should this')
logger.warning('And this, too')
logger.error('And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö')

当设置logging级别时，比它低级别的日志信息均将不会输出。默认级别是warning。
以上片段输出为：

INFO:__main__:So should this
WARNING:__main__:And this, too
ERROR:__main__:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö

2.1 日志级别

日志级别从低到高（按严重性）分为：

2.2 设置日志格式

主要在于logging.basicConfig() 中的format 参数设置.

logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s == %(levelname)s ====> %(message)s',
				    level=logging.DEBUG)

上式中的%(asctime)s会控制打印出日期信息，%(levelname)s则是日志级别，%(message)s就是日志的输出信息了。输出如下：

2022-04-02 15:33:30,134 == DEBUG ====> This message should go to the log file
2022-04-02 15:33:30,135 == INFO ====> So should this
2022-04-02 15:33:30,135 == WARNING ====> And this, too
2022-04-02 15:33:30,135 == ERROR ====> And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö

详细参数可见：https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes

2.3 输出日志到文件

logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.DEBUG)

以上信息就会输入到example.log文件中。

2.4 同时输出日志到文件与屏幕

这里提供两种实现

import logging
import sys

logging.basicConfig(filename="log.txt", level=logging.INFO,
                    format='[%(asctime)s] %(message)s', datefmt='%H:%M:%S')

logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))

以及

import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(level=logging.INFO)

handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'))

console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#添加hanler 
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.addHandler(console)

最后输出到文件log.txt和屏幕，两种输出格式并不一致

//屏幕输出
Start print log
Something maybe fail.
Finish
//文件内容
2022-04-02 17:10:26,148 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log
2022-04-02 17:10:26,149 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.
2022-04-02 17:10:26,149 - __main__ - INFO - Finish

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