JAVA SE 进阶篇 C1 窗口设计

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 07:23:58 发布

雫#1999

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 07:23:58 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43541094/article/details/109517520

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文章目录

P1 使用awt和swing设计窗口
P2 控件类
- 1 所使用控件类用法
P3 总结
- 1 总结

P1 使用awt和swing设计窗口

最终效果：

在这里插入图片描述

窗口类变量：

	//学生爱好
	private static final String[] hobbyContext =  {
		"足球", "篮球", "排球", "棒球", "看书",
		"听歌", "游泳", "跑步", "爬山", "旅行"
	};
	
	//主窗口
	private JFrame jfrmMain;
	
	//学生信息录入
	private JTextField jtxtName;
	private JPasswordField jpsdPassWord;
	private JRadioButton jrbtMan;
	private JRadioButton jrbtWoman;
	private JLabel jlblStuPhoto;
	private JComboBox<Integer> jcmbYear;
	private JComboBox<Integer> jcmbMonth;
	private JComboBox<Integer> jcmbDate;
	private JPanel jpnlHobbyOutter;
	private List<JCheckBox> jckbHobbies;
	private JButton jbtnHobbyAll;
	private JButton jbtnHobbyRev;
	private JButton jbtnHobbyRst;
	private JScrollPane jscpIntroduce;
	private JTextArea jtatIntroduce;
	
	//学生列表
	private DefaultListModel<String> dlmStudentList;
	private JList<String> jlstStudentlist;
	private JScrollPane jscpStuList;
	private JLabel jlblStuAcoount;
	
	//功能按钮
	private JButton jbtnAdd;
	private JButton jbtnModify;
	private JButton jbtnRemove;
	private JButton jbtnExit;

1 初始化主窗口

		/**
		 * 主窗口初始化
		 */
		this.jfrmMain = new JFrame("学生信息管理界面");
		this.jfrmMain.setSize(width, height);
		this.jfrmMain.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		this.jfrmMain.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		this.jfrmMain.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

2 主窗口布局设置

		/**
		 * 五方布局初始化
		 * 北方 主标题，西方，东方填充空标签，南方填充按钮画板
		 * 中央填充栅格1行2列画板
		 */
		JLabel jlblTopic = new JLabel("学生信息界面", JLabel.CENTER);
		jlblTopic.setFont(topicFont);
		jlblTopic.setForeground(topicColor);
		this.jfrmMain.add(jlblTopic, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		
		JLabel jlblWestBlank = new JLabel("  ");
		this.jfrmMain.add(jlblWestBlank, BorderLayout.WEST);
		
		JLabel jlblEastBlank = new JLabel("  ");
		this.jfrmMain.add(jlblEastBlank, BorderLayout.EAST);
		
		JPanel jpnlSouthButton = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
		this.jfrmMain.add(jpnlSouthButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		
		JPanel jpnlCenterPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
		this.jfrmMain.add(jpnlCenterPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

3 设计学生信息录入画板

		/**
		 * 中央主画板左边作为 学生信息录入画板
		 */
		JPanel jpnlStuInfo = new JPanel(null);
		jpnlCenterPanel.add(jpnlStuInfo);
		
		/**
		 * 定位需要的几个参考变量
		 */
		int top = DefaultFontSize;
		int lbWidth = 4 * DefaultFontSize;
		int lbHeight =  DefaultFontSize;

(1) 姓名标签，姓名文本框绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生姓名标签和文本框绘制
		 */
		JLabel jlblName = new JLabel("姓  名");
		jlblName.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblName.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblName);
		
		this.jtxtName = new JTextField(TEXTLENGTH);
		this.jtxtName.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jtxtName.setBounds(
				lbWidth, top, 
				TEXTLENGTH * DefaultFontSize,
				DefaultFontSize);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jtxtName);

(2) 口令标签，口令密码框绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生口令标签及密码框绘制
		 */
		
		top += this.jtxtName.getHeight() + MARGIN;
		
		JLabel jlblPassWord = new JLabel("口  令");
		jlblPassWord.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblPassWord.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblPassWord);
		
		this.jpsdPassWord = new JPasswordField(TEXTLENGTH);
		this.jpsdPassWord.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jpsdPassWord.setBounds(
				lbWidth, top, 
				TEXTLENGTH * DefaultFontSize, 
				DefaultFontSize);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jpsdPassWord);

(3) 性别标签，单选按钮绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生性别标签和男，女单选按钮绘制
		 */
		
		top += this.jpsdPassWord.getHeight() + MARGIN;
		
		JLabel jlblSex = new JLabel("性  别");
		jlblSex.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblSex.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblSex);
		
		this.jrbtMan = new JRadioButton("男");
		this.jrbtMan.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jrbtMan.setBounds(
				lbWidth, top, 
				TEXTLENGTH * DefaultFontSize / 2, 
				DefaultFontSize);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jrbtMan);
		
		this.jrbtWoman = new JRadioButton("女");
		this.jrbtWoman.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jrbtWoman.setBounds(
				lbWidth +this.jrbtMan.getWidth()  + MARGIN, top, 
				TEXTLENGTH * DefaultFontSize / 2, 
				DefaultFontSize);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jrbtWoman);
		
		//将单选按钮加入同一组中才会只能选中一个 
		ButtonGroup btgpSex = new ButtonGroup();
		btgpSex.add(jrbtMan);
		btgpSex.add(jrbtWoman);

(4) 生日日期标签，年月日下拉列表绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生出生日期绘制及年，月，日下拉列表绘制
		 */
		
		top += this.jrbtWoman.getHeight() + MARGIN;
		
		int birthLeft = 0;
		birthLeft = lbWidth + MARGIN;
		
		JLabel jlblBirth = new JLabel("出生日期");
		jlblBirth.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblBirth.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblBirth);
		
			
		this.jcmbYear = new JComboBox<>();
		this.jcmbYear.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jcmbYear.setBounds(
				birthLeft, top, 
				DefaultFontSize * 3, 
				DefaultFontSize + 3);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jcmbYear);
		
		birthLeft += this.jcmbYear.getWidth();
		
		JLabel jlblYear = new JLabel("年");
		jlblYear.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblYear.setBounds(
				birthLeft, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblYear);
		
		birthLeft += 20;
		
		this.jcmbMonth = new JComboBox<>();
		this.jcmbMonth.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jcmbMonth.setBounds(
				birthLeft , top, 
				DefaultFontSize * 3, 
				DefaultFontSize + 3);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jcmbMonth);
		
		birthLeft += this.jcmbMonth.getWidth();
		
		JLabel jlblMonth = new JLabel("月");
		jlblMonth.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblMonth.setBounds(
				birthLeft, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblMonth);
		
		birthLeft += 20;
		
		this.jcmbDate = new JComboBox<>();
		this.jcmbDate.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jcmbDate.setBounds(
				birthLeft, top, 
				DefaultFontSize * 3, 
				DefaultFontSize + 3);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jcmbDate);
		
		birthLeft += this.jcmbDate.getWidth();
		
		JLabel jlblDate = new JLabel("日");
		jlblDate.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jlblDate.setBounds(
				birthLeft, top, 
				lbWidth, 
				lbHeight);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(jlblDate);

(5) 爱好复选框绘制，命令按钮绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生爱好复选框绘制
		 */
		
		top += this.jcmbDate.getHeight() + MARGIN;
		
		this.jpnlHobbyOutter = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		this.jpnlHobbyOutter.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth * 4, 
				lbHeight * 7);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jpnlHobbyOutter);
		
		//设置jpnlHobbyOutter标题框
		TitledBorder ttbdHobby = new TitledBorder("爱好");
		ttbdHobby.setTitleFont(DefaultFont);
		ttbdHobby.setTitlePosition(TitledBorder.TOP);
		ttbdHobby.setTitleJustification(TitledBorder.CENTER);
		this.jpnlHobbyOutter.setBorder(ttbdHobby);
		
		//设置存储爱好的JCheckBox对象的jpnlHobby
		//设置其布局为流式布局的左对齐模式
		FlowLayout flowHobby = new FlowLayout();
		flowHobby.setAlignment(FlowLayout.LEFT);
		JPanel jpnlHobby = new JPanel(flowHobby);
		this.jpnlHobbyOutter.add(jpnlHobby, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		
		//初始化存储爱好的ArrayList
		this.jckbHobbies = new ArrayList<JCheckBox>();
		
		//将爱好数组中的String类元素转为JCheckBox类
		//并添加到jpnlHobby中
		for(String hobbyName : hobbyContext) {
			JCheckBox jckbHobby  = new JCheckBox(hobbyName);
			jckbHobby.setFont(DefaultFont);
			this.jckbHobbies.add(jckbHobby);
			jpnlHobby.add(jckbHobby);
		}
		
		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 对爱好的按钮加入到jpnlHobbyOutter的south
		 */
		JPanel jpnlHobbyButton  = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
		this.jpnlHobbyOutter.add(jpnlHobbyButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		
		this.jbtnHobbyAll = new JButton("全选");
		this.jbtnHobbyAll.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlHobbyButton.add(this.jbtnHobbyAll);
		
		this.jbtnHobbyRev = new JButton("反选");
		this.jbtnHobbyRev.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlHobbyButton.add(this.jbtnHobbyRev);
		
		this.jbtnHobbyRst = new JButton("重置");
		this.jbtnHobbyRst.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlHobbyButton.add(this.jbtnHobbyRst);
		
		top += jpnlHobbyOutter.getHeight();

(6) 简介文本区绘制

		/**
		 * jpnlStuInfo
		 * 学生简介框绘制
		 */
		this.jtatIntroduce = new JTextArea();
		this.jtatIntroduce.setFont(DefaultFont);
		
		this.jscpIntroduce = new JScrollPane(this.jtatIntroduce);
		this.jscpIntroduce.setBounds(
				0, top, 
				lbWidth * 4, 
				lbHeight * 6 + 3);
		
		//设置标题框
		TitledBorder ttbdIntroduce = new TitledBorder("个人简介");
		ttbdIntroduce.setTitleFont(DefaultFont);
		ttbdIntroduce.setTitlePosition(TitledBorder.TOP);
		ttbdIntroduce.setTitleJustification(TitledBorder.CENTER);
		this.jscpIntroduce.setBorder(ttbdIntroduce);
		jpnlStuInfo.add(this.jscpIntroduce);

4 设置学生列表画板

		/**
		 * 中央窗口右侧画板，作为列表显示信息
		 */
		
		JPanel jpnlStuList = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		jpnlCenterPanel.add(jpnlStuList);
		
		this.dlmStudentList = new DefaultListModel<>();
		this.jlstStudentlist = new JList<>(dlmStudentList);
		this.jlstStudentlist.setFont(DefaultFont);
		this.jscpStuList = new JScrollPane(this.jlstStudentlist);
		
		TitledBorder ttbdStuList = new TitledBorder("学生列表");
		ttbdStuList.setTitleFont(DefaultFont);
		ttbdStuList.setTitlePosition(TitledBorder.TOP);
		ttbdStuList.setTitleJustification(TitledBorder.CENTER);
		this.jscpStuList.setBorder(ttbdStuList);
		
		jpnlStuList.add(this.jscpStuList, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		
		this.jlblStuAcoount = new JLabel("共0名学生");
		this.jlblStuAcoount.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlStuList.add(this.jlblStuAcoount, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

5 控制按钮设置

		/**
		 * jpnlSouthButton
		 * 功能化按键
		 */
		
		this.jbtnAdd = new JButton("添加");
		this.jbtnAdd.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlSouthButton.add(this.jbtnAdd);
		
		this.jbtnModify = new JButton("更改");
		this.jbtnModify.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlSouthButton.add(this.jbtnModify);
		
		this.jbtnRemove = new JButton("删除");
		this.jbtnRemove.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlSouthButton.add(this.jbtnRemove);
		
		this.jbtnExit = new JButton("退出");
		this.jbtnExit.setFont(DefaultFont);
		jpnlSouthButton.add(this.jbtnExit);

6 日期复选框的reinit()

在用户输入出生日期进行选择时，由于存在平年，闰年的问题，每个月的天数是不一样的，所以年月日的复选框reinit()需要单独处理，提供合理的日期选择

	@Override
	public void reinit() {
		
		/**
		 * 年月日初始化
		 */
		Calendar today = Calendar.getInstance();
		
		int endYear = today.get(Calendar.YEAR);
		for(int startYear = 1970; startYear <= endYear; startYear++) {
			this.jcmbYear.addItem(startYear);
		}
		
		for(int month = 1; month <= 12; month++) {
			this.jcmbMonth.addItem(month);
		}
		
		setDate();
	
	}
	
	private void setDate() {
		Integer year = (Integer)this.jcmbYear.getSelectedItem();
		Integer month = (Integer)this.jcmbMonth.getSelectedItem();
		
		if(null == year || null == month) {
			return;
		}
		
		Calendar date = Calendar.getInstance();
		date.set(year, month, 0);
		int lastDate = date.get(Calendar.DATE);
		
		this.jcmbDate.removeAllItems();
		
		for(int value = 1; value <= lastDate; value++) {
			this.jcmbDate.addItem(value);
		}	
	}

7 窗口接口，测试类

package com.mec.Windows;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;

public interface IWindow {
	
	 int width = 800;
	 int height = 600;
	 int MARGIN = 6;
	 int TEXTLENGTH = 8;
	 
	
	
	Font DefaultFont = new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20);
	Color DefaultColor = new Color(144, 32, 32);
	
	int DefaultFontSize = DefaultFont.getSize() + 4;
	
	Font topicFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.ITALIC, 24);
	Color topicColor = new Color(32, 32, 144);
	
	
	
	void init();
	void reinit();
	void showTheView();

}

package com.mec.Windows;

public class Demo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		StudentView w1 = new StudentView();
		
		w1.init();
		w1.reinit();
		w1.showTheView();
	}

}