ncnn填坑记录一：安装protobuf、cmake和opencv

下一篇：ncnn填坑记录二：安装ncnn

一.protobuf安装

1.下载

git clone https://gitee.com/arcy/protobuf.git　# 网络不好才在码云下载，建议github
或
git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git　

2.安装

安装依赖项：

sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool curl make g++ unzip libffi-dev -y

安装

cd protobuf/
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig                  // 刷新共享库，很重要的一步

3.报错

刷新共享库时，报错

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7 不是符号连接

	libcudnn.so.7 -> libcudnn.so.7.6.5

终端输入：

sudo ln -sf /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7.6.5 /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7

再次刷新共享库sudo ldconfig，无报错。
测试protobuf是否安装成功protoc –h，正常显示无报错。

4.卸载protoc

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/protoc

二.Cmake安装

1.下载

在https://cmake.org/files/选择cmake大版本（比如v3.10），进去后选择具体版本（比如cmake-3.10.2-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz）下载
解压至指定文件夹

2.安装

./configure
make -j8
sudo make install

3.报错

./configure报错：

CMake Error at /home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/cmake/Qt5Gui/Qt5GuiConfig.cmake:15 (message):
  The imported target "Qt5::Gui" references the file

     "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so"

  but this file does not exist.  Possible reasons include:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so
  * The file was deleted, renamed, or moved to another location.

  * An install or uninstall procedure did not complete successfully.

  * The installation package was faulty and contained

     "/home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/cmake/Qt5Gui/Qt5GuiConfigExtras.cmake"

  but not all the files it references.

解决方法：
参考https://blog.csdn.net/fb_941219/article/details/83549720
发现/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu下的libEGL.so链接已断，删除后重新链接一个存在的目标

(base) lgy@lgy:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu$ ls /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep -i libegl
libEGL_nvidia.so.0
libEGL_nvidia.so.440.36
libEGL.so
libEGL.so.1
libEGL.so.1.1.0
(base) lgy@lgy:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu$ sudo rm -rf libEGL.so
[sudo] lgy 的密码： 
(base) lgy@lgy:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu$ sudo ln libEGL.so.1 libEGL.so

重复第一步，还报错

- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_LIBMD
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_MD5_LIBMD -- not found
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_LIBMD
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_RMD160_LIBMD -- not found
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_LIBMD
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA1_LIBMD -- not found
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_LIBMD
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA256_LIBMD -- not found
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_LIBMD
-- Checking support for ARCHIVE_CRYPTO_SHA512_LIBMD -- not found
Curses libraries were not found. Curses GUI for CMake will not be built.
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/lgy/tools/cmake-3.10.2

不过不用在意，正常安装即可

(base) lgy@lgy:~/tools/cmake-3.10.2$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.10.2

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

4.查看版本号

(base) lgy@lgy:~/tools/cmake-3.10.2$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.10.2

5.cmake默认安装在

(base) lgy@lgy:~/tools/cmake-3.10.2$ which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake

若遇到安装cmake后，查看版本号时显示的版本为linux自带的低版本，可直接将安装包里的cmake覆盖到/usr/local/bin/cmake。

三.OpenCV安装

方法一：apt-get安装

简单直接，不需配置环境，缺点时安装的版本太低了

sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev python-opencv

查看版本

pkg-config --modversion opencv
2.4.9.1

方法二：用cmake构建安装

1.github上下载opencv和opencv_contrib，我下载的3.4版本的，为了方便将opencv_contrib移至opencv文件夹下，2.x版本不需要安装opencv_contrib。

2.安装依赖项

sudo apt install  build-essential
 
sudo apt install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev  
 
sudo apt install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

3.编译安装，cmake时需指定opencv_contrib地址

cd opencv/
mkdir build
cd build/
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/lgy/tools/opencv/opencv_contrib/modules ..
sudo make install -j8
# 查看opencv版本
pkg-config --modversion opencv

4.易报错的地方

①.安装依赖项时报错：使用sudo apt-get install 时出现提示无法修正错误，因为您要求某些软件包保持现状，就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关系。
使用命令sudo aptitude install安装，选择 N Y Y .
②.ippicv和xfeatures2d报无法下载这种错，类似于

IPPICV:Download:ippicv_2019_lnx_intel64_general_20180723.tgz can‘t
connect to server

-- xfeatures2d/boostdesc: Download: boostdesc_bgm.i
-- Try 1 failed

还有缺少xx文件、无法找到xx文件这种错，建议直接开个vpn再安装，不然一个一个文件去找，费时不说，关键是国内网友提供的文件，有些版本不匹配或者哈希值不匹配，经常时解决了一个错误，又报另一个错误。

③.
类似于

/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpcre.so.1, needed by //home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libzstd.so.1.3.7, needed by //home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libtiff.so.5, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libtiff.so.5：对‘ZSTD_initCStream’未定义的引用
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libtiff.so.5：对‘ZSTD_freeCStream’未定义的引用

或
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpcre.so.1, needed by //home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.so.0, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0：对‘pcre_exec’未定义的引用
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0：对‘pcre_study’未定义的引用

方法

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
sudo ln -s ~/anaconda3/lib/libzstd.so.1
sudo ldconfig

sudo ln -s ~/anaconda3/lib/libffi.so.7
sudo ldconfig

sudo ln -s ~/anaconda3/lib/libpcre.so.1
sudo ldconfig

④.类似于

/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpng16.so.16, needed by //home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libcairo.so.2, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libcairo.so.2：对‘png_set_interlace_handling@PNG16_0’未定义的引用
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libcairo.so.2：对‘png_set_IHDR@PNG16_0’未定义的引用
//home/lgy/anaconda3/lib/libcairo.so.2：对‘png_get_io_ptr@PNG16_0’未定义的引用

方法

1.cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
2.sudo ln -s ~/anaconda3/lib/libpng16.so.16 libpng16.so.16
3.sudo ldconfig

5.设置环境变量，参考链接

添加路径

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

在打开的文件中添加

/usr/local/lib

保存退出，终端输入：

sudo ldconfig

sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

打开文件后在末尾输入：

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存退出，终端输入：

source /etc/bash.bashrc

6.测试 opencv

进入opencv/samples/cpp/example_cmake目录下，终端打开，依次输入：

cmake .
make
./opencv_example

最后会弹出一个显示“Hello OpenCV”的窗口，总算安装好opencv了。