opencv3编程入门（第八章8.1-8.3）

8.13轮廓查找：

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
	Mat srcImage = imread("hehua.jpg", 0);//载入原图必须以二值图模式
	imshow("原始图", srcImage);
	Mat dstImage = Mat::zeros(srcImage.rows, srcImage.cols, CV_8UC3);
	//取阈值大于119的那部分
	srcImage = srcImage > 119;
	imshow("取阈值后的原始图", srcImage);
	//定义轮廓和层次结构
	vector<vector<Point>>Contours;
	vector<Vec4i>hierarchy;
	//查找轮廓
	findContours(srcImage, Contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
	//遍历所有顶层轮廓，以随机颜色绘制出每个连接组件的颜色
	int index = 0;
	for (;index >= 0;index = hierarchy[index][0])
	{
		Scalar color(rand() & 255, rand() & 255, rand() & 255);
		drawContours(dstImage, Contours, index, color, FILLED, 8, hierarchy);
	}
	imshow("轮廓图", dstImage);
	waitKey(0);
}

程序执行结果如图：

8.14查找并绘制轮廓：

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "原始图窗口"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "轮廓图窗口"
Mat g_srcImage, g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 80, g_nThresh_max = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat g_cannyMat_output;
vector<vector<Point>>g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i>g_vHierarchy;
static void ShowHelpText();
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
	system("color 1F");
	ShowHelpText();
	g_srcImage = imread("hehua.jpg", 1);//载入原图必须以二值图模式
	if (!g_srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误\n");return false; }
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	createTrackbar("canny阈值", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nThresh_max, on_ThreshChange);
	on_ThreshChange(0, 0);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
	Canny(g_grayImage, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh * 2, 3);
	findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE,
		CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	//绘制轮廓
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (int i = 0;i < g_vContours.size();i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());
	}
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}
static void ShowHelpText()
{
	printf("\n\t滑动滚动条改变阈值\n");
}

程序执行结果如图：

8.23凸包检测基础

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{//初始化变量和随机值
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
	RNG& rng = theRNG();
	while (1) {
		char key;
		int count = (unsigned)rng % 100 + 3;//随机生成点的数量
		vector<Point>points;//点值
		//随机生成点坐标
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points.push_back(point);
		}
	//检测凸包
		vector<int>hull;
		convexHull(Mat(points), hull, true);
		//绘制出随机颜色点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);
		int hullcount = (int)hull.size();//凸包边数
		Point point0 = points[hull[hullcount - 1]];
		//绘制凸包的边数
		for (int i = 0;i < hullcount;i++)
		{
			Point point = points[hull[i]];
			line(image, point0, point, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
			point0 = point;
		}
		imshow("凸包检测示例", image);
		key = (char)waitKey();
		if ( key== 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果如图：

8.24：寻找和绘制物体的凸包

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "原始图窗口"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "效果图窗口"
Mat g_srcImage, g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50, g_maxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat srcImage_copy = g_srcImage.clone();
Mat g_thresholdImage_output;
vector<vector<Point>>g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i>g_vHierarchy;
static void ShowHelpText();
void on_ThreshChange(int, void* );
int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("hehua.jpg", 1);
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	//创建滚动条
	createTrackbar("阈值：", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_maxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
	on_ThreshChange(0, 0);//调用一次回调函数进行初始化
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
	//二值化图像，控制阈值
	threshold(g_grayImage, g_thresholdImage_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	findContours(g_thresholdImage_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE,
		CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	vector<vector<Point>>hull(g_vContours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0;i < g_vContours.size();i++)
	{
		convexHull(Mat(g_vContours[i]), hull[i], false);
	}
	//绘制轮廓和凸包
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_thresholdImage_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (unsigned int i = 0;i < g_vContours.size();i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
		drawContours(drawing, hull, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
	}
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

程序执行结果如图;

8.36创建包围轮廓的矩形边界：

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
	RNG& rng = theRNG();
	while (1) {
		int count = rng.uniform(3,103);//随机生成点的数量
		vector<Point>points;//点值
							//随机生成点坐标
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points.push_back(point);
		}
		//对给定的2D点集，寻找最小面积的包围矩形
		RotatedRect box = minAreaRect(Mat(points));
		Point2f vertex[4];
		box.points(vertex);
		//绘制出随机颜色点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);
		//绘制出最小包卫面积的矩形
		for (int i = 0;i <4;i++)
			line(image, vertex[i], vertex[(i+1)%4], Scalar(100, 200, 211), 2, LINE_AA);
		imshow("矩形包围示例", image);
		char key = (char)waitKey();
		if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果如图：
8.37创建保卫轮廓的圆形边界：

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
	RNG& rng = theRNG();
	while (1) {
		int count = rng.uniform(3,103);//随机生成点的数量
		vector<Point>points;//点值
							//随机生成点坐标
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points.push_back(point);
		}
		//对给定的2D点集，寻找最小面积的包围圆形
		Point2f center;
		float radius = 0;
		minEnclosingCircle(Mat(points), center, radius);
		//绘制出随机颜色点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0;i < count;i++)
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);
		//绘制出最小面积的包围圆
			circle(image, center, cvRound(radius), Scalar(rng.uniform(0,255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), 2, LINE_AA);
		imshow("圆形包围示例", image);
		char key = (char)waitKey();
		if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果如图：

8.38，使用多边形包围轮廓：

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "原始图窗口"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "效果图窗口"
Mat g_srcImage, g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50, g_maxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
static void ShowHelpText();
void on_ContoursChange(int, void*);
int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("hehua.jpg", 1);
	if (!g_srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误\n");return false; }
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
	//创建滚动条
	createTrackbar("阈值：", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_maxThresh, on_ContoursChange);
	on_ContoursChange(0, 0);//调用一次回调函数进行初始化
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}
void on_ContoursChange(int, void*)
{
	Mat threshold_output;
	vector<vector<Point>>contours;
	vector<Vec4i>hierarchy;
	threshold(g_grayImage, threshold_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	findContours(threshold_output, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE,
		CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	//多边形逼近轮廓和获取矩形和圆形边界框
	vector<vector<Point>>contours_poly(contours.size());
	vector<Rect>boundRect(contours.size());
	vector<Point2f>center(contours.size());
	vector<float>radius(contours.size());
	//核心遍历
	for (unsigned int i = 0;i < contours.size();i++)
	{
		//制定精度逼近多边形曲线
		approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]),contours_poly[i],3,true);
		boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours_poly[i]));
		minEnclosingCircle(contours_poly[i], center[i], radius[i]);
	}
	//绘制多边形轮廓+包围的矩形和圆形框
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(threshold_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (unsigned int i = 0;i < contours.size();i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
		rectangle(drawing, boundRect[i].tl(), boundRect[i].br(),color, 2, 8, 0);//绘制矩形
		//tl代表矩形top、left、br代表right、bottom
		circle(drawing, center[i], (int)radius[i], color, 2, 8, 0);//绘制圆
	}
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

程序执行结果如图：