R fundamentals :flow control

R flow control

• flow control often used in function block

guideline of flow control

conditional statement

if

else if

switch

vectorized if

looping statement

repeat

while

for

advanced looping

apply

if

used for conditional execution

• usage if(condition){body}

codes:

GetPerformance=function(student.scores){
  average.score=mean(student.scores)
  Std=average.score>=75
  print(paste("average.score: ",average.score))
  if(Std){
    print("the student is brilliant!")
  }
  print("academic work completed!")
}

student1=c(100L,98L,0L,96L)
student2=c(89L,90L,87L,76L)

GetPerformance(student1)
GetPerformance(student2)

• if the condition is false, R will not execute the block

else if

• incorporate different conditions
• act accordingly

codes:

GetReport=function(student.scores){
  average.scores=mean(student.scores)
  print(paste("student average score is : ",average.scores))
  if(average.scores>=75){
    print("student is brilliant! ")
  }
  else if(average.scores>=60){
    print("student is satisfactory.")
  }
  else{
    print("student is failed in academic.")
  }
}

student1=c(100L,98L,0L,96L)
student2=c(89L,90L,87L,76L)
student3=c(0L,10L,45L,23L)
GetReport(student1)
GetReport(student2)
GetReport(student3)

switch

• usage: switch(expression,
  option1={
  },
  option2={
  },
  default value)

• expression above can only be an integer or a string

codes:

GetSummary=function(student.scores,summary.type){
  result=switch(summary.type,
                "mean"={
                  mean(student.scores)
                },
                "total"={
                  sum(student.scores)
                },
                "variance"={
                  var(student.scores)
                },
                "the biggest"={
                  max(student.scores)
                },
                "No implemention")
  result
}
student1=c(100L,98L,0L,96L)
GetSummary(student1,"mean")
GetSummary(student1,"total")
GetSummary(student1,"variance")
GetSummary(student1,"the biggest")
GetSummary(student1,"the smallest")
GetSummary(stduent1,"")

vectorized if

used for if condition without explicit looping

used when multiple objects needing to be judged

not applicable in multiple conditions

multiple objects are vectorized

• usage: ifelse (test.vector, true.vector, false.vector)
• true.vector or false.vector is recycled if its length is shorter than test.vector
• if test.vector contains NA, the ifelse() will returned a NA

codes:

student.scores=c(100L,NA,91L,81L,30L,59L,NA)
true.vector=c("qualified")
false.vector=c("failed")
ifelse(student.scores>=60,true.vector,false.vector)

repeat

• repeat{} is a statement that designed for recycling for eternity

break

• normally we use break to break the loop at certain point and never begin

codes:

WriteOnNotebook=function(total.page){
  count=0
  repeat{
    count=count+1
    print(paste("The total page number is :",count))
    if(count>=total.page){
      break
    }
  }
  print("the notebook is completed.")
}
WriteOnNotebook(10)

next

• normally we use next to break the loop and begin again

codes:

WriteOnOddPage=function(total.page.number){
  count=0
  repeat{
    count=count+1
    if(count>total.page.number){
      break
    }
    if(count%%2==0){
      print(paste("skipped page number :",count))
      next
    }
    print(paste("the total page number is:",count))
  }
}
WriteOnOddPage(6)
WriteOnOddPage(5)

• “break” and “next” to control the loop on desired condition
• in repeat,the loop is entered first and then use if to judge when to continue or break

while loop

• check the condition, check the logic value before entering the loop
• usage:while(){
  }

codes;

WriteOnOddPage=function(total.page.number){
  count=0
  while(count<total.page.number){
    count=count+1
    if(count%%2==0){
      print(paste("the skipped page number is :",count))
    }
    else{
      print(paste("the total page number is :",count))
    }
  }
}
WriteOnOddPage(6)

for loop

loop in a vector

• usage of for loop
• for(iterator in vector ){
  ##execute body
  }

codes:

WriteOnOddPage=function(total.page.number){
  page.range=1:total.page.number
  odd.page=page.range[page.range%%2!=0]
  even.page=page.range[page.range%%2==0]
  for (count in odd.page) {
    print(paste("the total page number is : ",count))
  }
  for (count in even.page) {
    print(paste("the skipped page number is :",count))
  }
}
WriteOnOddPage(6) 

apply

an advanced flow control mechanism

mainly used on matrix and array

but returned a list , a vector or an array

usage: apply(data, margin, function)

• margin means direction
• 1 represent row wise
• 2 represent column wise
• 1:2 represent every element

codes:
create a matrix

student.scores=matrix(c(1,2,3,4,
                        5,6,7,8,
                        9,10,11,12,
                        13,14,15,16),ncol=4,nrow=4,byrow=TRUE)
rownames(student.scores)=c("KD","Curry","KT","Green")
colnames(student.scores)=c("cs","math","English","Debate")
student.scores

apply(student.scores, 1, sum)
apply(student.scores, 1, max)
apply(student.scores,1,mean)
apply(student.scores,1,which.max)

• which.max return the position of the max value

• but for most time we need to where and what the max value is
  codes:

  colnames(student.scores[,apply(student.scores,1,which.max)])
  

like rowSums(), rowMeans()

rowSums(student.scores)
rowMeans(student.scores)

-some examples of column wise

codes:

apply(student.scores,2,max)
rownames(student.scores[apply(student.scores, 2, which.max),])