R fundamentals 3:data frame, matrix and array

dataframe

• heterogeneous data structure

• contains elements of different classes

• 2 dimensional arrangement

  players.name=c("KD","Curry","Klay","Green")
    players.number=c(35,30,11,23)
    players.2K=c(87,96,91,85)
    players.gender=factor(c("male","male","male","male"),levels = c("male","female"))
  

data.frame() to create a dataframe

players=data.frame(players.name,players.number,players.gender,players.2K)
str(players)

notice the string type players.names are converted to factor
However we can fix it by adding parameter stringsAsFactors=False
make sure not typing as stringAsFactors

players=data.frame(players.name,players.number,players.gender,players.2K,stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
str(players)
players

data frame is like a spreadsheet with row numbers and column names

common operation on data frame

subsetting: extract element(s)

4 ways

use index numbers to extract elements

single bracket to return elements of the same type

players[2]
#single number in the brackets means column number
typeof(players[2])

data frame is basically a list

double bracket to return elements of its own type

players[[2]]
typeof(players[[2]])

2 numbers in the bracket means row and column number
#for example:below means extract the element at row1 and column2
players[1,2]