SpringBoot 松散绑定和JSR303校验

SpringBoot中的@Value这个使用起来并不友好！我们需要为每个属性单独注解赋值，比较麻烦；我们来看个功能对比图

1、@ConfigurationProperties只需要写一次即可 ， @Value则需要每个字段都添加

2、松散绑定：这个什么意思呢? 比如我的yml中写的last-name，这个和lastName是一样的， - 后面跟着的字母默认是大写的。这就是松散绑定。可以测试一下

3、JSR303数据校验 ， 这个就是我们可以在字段是增加一层过滤器验证 ， 可以保证数据的合法性

4、复杂类型封装，yml中可以封装对象 ， 使用value就不支持\

松散绑定

创建Dog类:

package com.kuang.pojo;


import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "dog")
public class Dog {

    private  String firstName;
    private Integer age;

    public Dog(){

    }

    public Dog(String firstName, Integer age) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

application.yaml 配置文件:

person:
    name: ${random.int}
    age: ${random.int}
    happy: false
    birth: 2019/11/02
    maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
    lists:
      - code
      - music
      - girl
    dog:
      name: ${person.hello:hello}_旺财
      age: 3
dog:
    first-name: wangwang
    age: 3

这里Dog类里面的firstName字段在application.yaml 中表示为first-name.
测试结果:

JSR303数据校验

person类添加@Validated //数据校验
利用eamil 注解,person类:

package com.kuang.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;

import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
//@PropertySource(value = "classpath:qinjiang.properties")
@Validated //数据校验
public class Person {
    @Email()
    private  String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean happy;
    private Date birth;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age, Boolean happy, Date birth, Map<String, Object> maps, List<Object> lists, Dog dog) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.happy = happy;
        this.birth = birth;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.lists = lists;
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getHappy() {
        return happy;
    }

    public void setHappy(Boolean happy) {
        this.happy = happy;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", happy=" + happy +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

运行测试类:

会判断name字段是否为eamil格式.
常见参数

@NotNull(message="名字不能为空")
private String userName;
@Max(value=120,message="年龄最大不能查过120")
private int age;
@Email(message="邮箱格式错误")
private String email;

空检查
@Null       验证对象是否为null
@NotNull    验证对象是否不为null, 无法查检长度为0的字符串
@NotBlank   检查约束字符串是不是Null还有被Trim的长度是否大于0,只对字符串,且会去掉前后空格.
@NotEmpty   检查约束元素是否为NULL或者是EMPTY.
    
Booelan检查
@AssertTrue     验证 Boolean 对象是否为 true  
@AssertFalse    验证 Boolean 对象是否为 false  
    
长度检查
@Size(min=, max=) 验证对象（Array,Collection,Map,String）长度是否在给定的范围之内  
@Length(min=, max=) string is between min and max included.

日期检查
@Past       验证 Date 和 Calendar 对象是否在当前时间之前  
@Future     验证 Date 和 Calendar 对象是否在当前时间之后  
@Pattern    验证 String 对象是否符合正则表达式的规则

.......等等
除此以外，我们还可以自定义一些数据校验规则