rgb文件与yuv文件各分量的概率统计及熵的计算

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一、实验目的

给定两图片down.rgb和down.yuv,分辨率为256*256,色度采样格式4:2:0,统计RGB和YUV图像文件各分类的概率分布，并求出熵

二、实验思路（以rgb文件为例）

1.文件导入

设置好图片的长宽：256*256，初始化r、g、b分量灰度值范围：0-65535，初始化r、g、b频率分量范围：0-256，初始化r、g、b分量的熵

	int height = 256;
	int width = 256;
	int i, j;
	//R、G、B分量
	unsigned char r[65535] = { 0 };
	unsigned char g[65535] = { 0 };
	unsigned char b[65535] = { 0 };
	//频率分量
	double r_f[256] = { 0 };
	double g_f[256] = { 0 };
	double b_f[256] = { 0 };
	double h_r = 0, h_g = 0, h_b = 0; //熵
	FILE* fp1, * rgb;  //设置文件指针,以便打开文件
	fopen_s(&fp1, "C:/Users/shl/source/repos/one/down.rgb", "rb");
	fopen_s(&rgb, "C:/Users/shl/source/repos/one/rgb.txt", "w");

2.读入数据

对三通道的每个像素的灰度值进行读取和记数，rgb文件按B、G、R的顺序循环，上至下左至右逐行扫描。

//依次读取R、G、B
	unsigned char a[196608];
	fread(a, sizeof(unsigned char), 196608, fp1);
	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 196608; i = i + 3, j++)
	{
		b[j] = a[i];
		g[j] = a[i + 1];
		r[j] = a[i + 2];
	}
	//三通道计数
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 65536; j++)
		{
			if (int(r[j] == i)) { r_f[i]++; }
			if (int(g[j] == i)) { g_f[i]++; }
			if (int(b[j] == i)) { b_f[i]++; }
		}
	}
	

3.计算各分量的熵（显示出来）

先求出各分量中的频率分布情况，再依照公式求熵

	//频率
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		r_f[i] = r_f[i] / double(width * height);
		g_f[i] = g_f[i] / double(width * height);
		b_f[i] = b_f[i] / double(width * height);
	}
	//计算熵
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		if (r_f[i] != 0) { h_r += r_f[i] * (log(1 / r_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
		if (g_f[i] != 0) { h_g += g_f[i] * (log(1 / g_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
		if (b_f[i] != 0) { h_b += b_f[i] * (log(1 / b_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
	}
	cout << "r熵为" << h_r << endl;
	cout << "g熵为" << h_g << endl;
	cout << "b熵为" << h_b << endl;

4.将结果写入新文件

	//由频率数值写三个文件
	fprintf(rgb, "红色\t绿色\t蓝色\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		fprintf(rgb, "%f\t%f\t%f\n",r_f[i], g_f[i], b_f[i]);
	}
	fclose(fp1);
	fclose(rgb);
	system("pause");

5.YUV文件同理

说明：图像分辨率为256*256，色度取样格式为4:2:0，
Y所占字节数为65536，U、V各是Y数量的1/4，即各16384个。
根据yuv文件存储格式：先存所有Y，再存所有U，再存所有V，上至下左至右扫描可知：
Y的[0,65534]对应文件的[0,65534]
U的[0,16383]对应文件的[65535,81919]
V的[0,16383]对应文件的[81920,98303]
图像所占总字节数为98304

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int height = 256;
	int width = 256;
	int i, j;
	//R、G、B分量
	unsigned char y[65535] = { 0 };
	unsigned char u[16383] = { 0 };
	unsigned char v[16383] = { 0 };
	//频率分量
	double y_f[256] = { 0 };
	double u_f[256] = { 0 };
	double v_f[256] = { 0 };
	double h_y = 0, h_u = 0, h_v = 0; //熵
	FILE* fp1, * yuv;  //设置文件指针,以便打开文件
	fopen_s(&fp1, "C:/Users/shl/source/repos/one/down.yuv", "rb");
	fopen_s(&yuv, "C:/Users/shl/source/repos/one/yuv.txt", "w");

	//依次读取Y,U,V
	unsigned char a[196608];
	fread(a, sizeof(unsigned char), 196608, fp1);
	for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < 65536; i++, j++)
	{
		y[j] = a[i];
	}
	for (int i = 65535, j = 0; i < 81920; i++, j++)
	{
		u[j] = a[i];
	}
	for (int i = 81920, j = 0; i < 98304; i++, j++)
	{
		v[j] = a[i];
	}

	//三通道计数
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 65536; j++)
		{
			if (int(y[j] == i)) { y_f[i]++; }
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < 16383; j++)
		{
			if (int(u[j] == i)) { u_f[i]++; }
		}
		for (int j = 0; j < 16383; j++)
		{
			if (int(v[j] == i)) { v_f[i]++; }
		}
	}
	//频率
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		y_f[i] = y_f[i] / double(width * height);
		u_f[i] = u_f[i] / double(width * height)*4;
		v_f[i] = v_f[i] / double(width * height)*4;
	}
	//计算熵
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		if (y_f[i] != 0) { h_y += y_f[i] * (log(1 / y_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
		if (u_f[i] != 0) { h_u += u_f[i] * (log(1 / u_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
		if (v_f[i] != 0) { h_v += v_f[i] * (log(1 / v_f[i]) / log(2.0)); }
	}
	cout << "y熵为" << h_y << endl;
	cout << "u熵为" << h_u << endl;
	cout << "v熵为" << h_v << endl;
	//由频率数值写三个文件
	fprintf(yuv, "Y\tU\tV\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		fprintf(yuv, "%f\t%f\t%f\n", y_f[i], u_f[i], v_f[i]);
	}
	fclose(fp1);
	fclose(yuv);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三、实验结果

1.得到六个熵结果及生成两个txt文件

2.利用作图工具将两个txt文件转化为图像

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三、总结

分析实验结果：rgb文件的U、V分量相比yuv文件的U、V分量，熵明显大，说明了yuv文件冗余度更大一些，rgb文件的去相关性反而更好
遇到的问题：编程语言运用不熟，不过结构理解没问题。要了解rgb文件与yuv文件的储存格式。要了解熵的运算公式。